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Individual Income Tax Returns
No. 488. FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX RETURNS WITH ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME (AGI) SUMMARY: 1970 TO 1985 [Includes Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands. Includes returns of resident aliens; based on a sample of unaudited returns as filed. Taxability or nontaxability is determined by presence or absence of income tax after credits and additional tax for tax preferences. Classification as “nontaxable" generally based on each return as originally filed and does not reflect subsequent changes (amended returns, audits, etc.). Adjusted gross income is gross income less losses from all sources subject to tax reduced by legally permitted subtractions such as: Expenses of operating a business or trade, contributions to Individual Retirement Arrangements, moving expenses, etc. Data are not comparable for all years because of tax changes. See Statistics of Income. Individual Income Tax Returns publications for a detailed explanation. See Appendix III. See Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 393-411, for related data)
Returns, total. Million...... 74.3 82.2 93.9 95.4 95.3 96.3 99.4 101.7 Joint returns.. Million...... 42.4 44.1 45.2 45.7 46.1 46.4 47.4 47.8 Gross income, total. Bil. dol..... 639.4 962.9 1,642.3 1,804.0 | 1,917.0 2,024.0 2,229.6 2,401.0 Salaries and wages. Bil. dol..... 531.9 795.4 1,349.8 1,486.1 | 1,565.0 1,644.6 1,807.1 1,928.2 Interest received Bil. dol..... 22.0 43.4 102.0 1 140.6 157.0 153.8 176.4 182.1 Taxable pensions and annuities Bil. dol..... 7.9 20.9 43.3 51.9 60.1 69.8 80.4 95.1 Dividends, after exclusions... Bil. dol..... 15.8 21.9 36.8 (NA) 52.1 48.6 48.6 55.0 Net capital gain less loss, amount. Bil. dol..... 9.0 14.1 29.7 30.8 34.4 48.9 54.5 68.3 Business net income (less loss) amount..... Bil. dol..... 30.6 39.4 55.1 53.1 50.6 60.4 70.8 78.8 Statutory adjustments, total: Returns, number Million..... 6.4 9.0 13.1 14.1 33.4 34.8 37.0 37.8 Amount.. Bil. dol..... 7.7 15.1 28.6 31.4 64.9 81.4 89.7 Married couple, both employed: Returns number. Million....... 21.7 22.6 24.1 24.8 Amount... Bil. dol.. (x) (x) (x) (x) 9.0 19.8 22.4 24.6 Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRA): Returns, number........... Million...... (x) 1.2 2.6 3.4 12.0 13.6 15.2 16.2 Amount. Bil. dol..... 1.4 3.4 4.8 28.3 32.1 35.4 38.2 Keogh (Self-employed retirement): Returns, number... Million...... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 Amount. Bil. dol..... .8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.9 4.1 5.2 Adjusted gross income Bil. dol..... 631.7 947.8 1,613.7 | 1,772.6 1,852.1 | 1,942.6 2,139.9 2,306.0 Exemptions: Total number Million...... 204.1 212.2 227.9 231.2 232.2 234.4 240.9 244.2 Number, age 65 or over. Million...... 8.9 9.9 11.8 13.1 14.0 14.8 15.9 16.7 Total amount Bil. dol..... 127.5 159.1 227.6 231.1 232.1 234.4 240.9 253.7 Deductions, total: Number of returns.... Million...... 73.9 81.6 88.5 90.3 90.3 91.5 94.9 96.8 Amount .... Bil. dol..... 120.5 233.2 346.0 401.2 2 425.2 2 448.7 2 500.0 2 550.0 Itemized deductions, total: Number of returns... Million...... 35.4 26.1 29.0 31.6 33.4 35.2 38.2 39.8 Amount ..... Bil. dol..... 88.2 122.3 218.0 256.4 284.5 309.6 358.9 405.0 Medical and dental expense. Bil. dol..... 10.6 11.4 15.0 17.9 21.7 3 18.1 3 21.5 3 22.9 Taxes paid..... Bil. dol..... 32.0 44.1 69.4 79.7 88.0 99.8 115.2 128.1 Interest paid.... Bil. dol..... 23.9 38.9 91.2 108.7 121.9 134.7 158.2 180.1 Home mortgage interest. Bil. dol..... 13.3 24.1 59.3 68.6 79.3 88.8 102.1 115.0 Contributions. Bil. dol..... 12.9 15.4 25.8 30.8 33.5 37.7 42.1 48.0 Taxable income: Number of returns... Million...... 59.6 65.9 88.1 89.9 89.7 90.8 94.2 4 96.1 Amount..... Bil. dol..... 401.2 595.5 | 1,280.0 1,410.9 1,473.3 1,544.9 1,701,4 4 1,820.7 Percent of AGI Percent 63.5 62.8 79.3 79.6 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.0 Income tax before credits: Number of returns... Million...... 59.6 65.9 76.1 79.0 78.3 80.6 84.4 86.0 Amount..... Bil. dol...... 5 84.2 132.5 256.3 293.6 283.9 279.8 306.7 332.2 Tax credits, total Bil. dol..... 8.1 7.2 11.3 7.9 8.2 9.3 10.2 General.... Bil. dol..... 5.0 6 3.4 (x) (x) (x) Investment. Bil. dol..... 1.6 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.2 6.4 7.0 Foreign Bil. dol..... .4 1.3 1.2 .8 .6 .7 .8 Child care. Bil. dol..... (x) 1.0 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.6 3.1 Elderly.. Bil. dol..... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Residential energy Bil. dol... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .8 Earned income Bil. dol..... .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .4 Income tax after credits.. Bil. dol..... 83.8 124.4 249.1 282.3 276.1 271.7 297.4 321.9 Additional tax for tax preferences.. Bil. dol..... .1 .1 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.5 4.5 3.8 Income tax, total: Number of returns.... Million...... 59.3 61.5 73.9 76.7 77.0 78.0 81.6 82.8 Amount..... Bil. dol..... 83.9 124.5 250.3 284.1 277.6 274.2 301.9 325.7 Percent of AGI Percent 13.7 13.9 16.1 16.5 15.4 14.5 14.1 14.4 Percent of taxable income. Percent 20.9 21.1 20.0 20.5 19.2 18.1 17.7 18.2 Average AGI per return Dollars..... 8,504 11,526 17,185 18,582 19,427 20,168 21,520 22,683 Average income tax per return.... Dollars.... 1,415 2,025 3,387 3,703 3,605 3,514 3,698 3,931 Income tax per capita ? Dollars..... 406 578 1,102 1,237 1,197 1,343 1,277 1,364 Payment status: Payment due returns.. Million...... 16.5 15.8 21.8 23.0 20.3 18.5 21.2 21.2 Refund or credit due returns ...... Million...... 55.3 63.8 69.9 70.0 72.4 75.0 75.6 77.4
NA Not available. X Not applicable. Z Less than $50 million. 1 Data for interest and dividends are before exclusion. The combined amount of interest and dividends in adjusted gross income (after the exclusion) was $178.1 billion. 2 Includes total itemized deductions, charitable contributions for non-itemizers and zero bracket amounts on non-itemized returns. 3 Individuals could take the medical and dental expense deduction if the total of deductible expenses exceeded 5 percent of their adjusted gross income. 4 Excludes zero bracket amount. 5 Includes surcharge of $2 billion. 6 For 1981 only, this was the 1.25 percent rate reduction credit applicable to all returns with income tax before credits, as provided by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. 7 Based on resident population, as of July 1. Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Winter 1986-87. Page 3
No. 502. PAID CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, BY AGENCY, ALL AREAS, SUMMARY: 1980 AND 1986 [As of Sept. 30. See headnote, table 498. Includes U.S. outlying areas and foreign countries, See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 308-317]
All agencies ...... 2,875,866 3,022, 189 Independent agencies 1,101,089 1,203,597 Percent Dept. of Defense. 33.4 35.3 ACTION 5. 1,837 483 Percent Postal Service. 23.0 26.2 Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System 1,498 1,520 Legislative branch 39,710 36,490 Environmental Protection Agency... 14,715 14,021 Congress. 19,096 2 18,368 Equal Employment Opportunity United States Senate.. 7,195 6,953 Commission.... 3,515 3,035 U.S. House of Representatives 11,901 11,403 Farm Credit Administration 271 517 Architect of the Capitol. 2,168 2,065 Federal Communications Comm. 2,244 1,806 General Accounting Office. 5,488 5,162 Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. 3,520 8,708 Government Printing Office 6,767 5,264 Federal Emergency Mgmt. Agency... 3,427 2,526 Library of Congress 5,527 4,809 Federal Home Loan Bank Board. 1,470 812 All other.. 664 822 Federal Trade Commission.... 1,846 1,079 General Services Administration. 37,654 23,057 Judicial branch. 15,178 18,966 International Trade Commission.... 424 496 United States Courts 14,847 18,639 Interstate Commerce Commission..... 1,998 745 Supreme Court .. 331 327 Merit System Protection Board. 394 National Aeronautics and Space Executive branch 3 2,820,978 2,966,773 Administration 23,714 22,244 Nat'l Archives and Records Admin- Executive Office of the President .... 1,886 1,492 istration 6 (x) 3,164 White House Office...... 406 358 National Credit Union Administra 616 Office of Management and Budget. 535 tion....... 726 667 Council of Economic Advisers... 32 National Labor Relations Board .. 2,936 2,324 Council on Environmental Quality ..... 49 9 National Science Foundation........ 1,394 1,180 National Security Council Nuclear Regulatory Commission .. 3,283 3,521 711 All other. Office of Personnel Management 493 8,280 5,929 Panama Canal Commission.. 8,700 8,350 Executive departments. Peace Corps (x) 1,023 1,716,970 1,761,644 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. 463 483 Agriculture 129,139 113,147 Railroad Retirement Board 1,795 1,601 Commerce.. 48,563 34,397 Securities and Exchange Comm. 2,056 1,934 Census 19,925 8,539 Selective Service System.... 97 296 Defense 960,116 | 1,067,974 Small Business Administration 5,804 4,906 Education.... 7,364 4,554 Smithsonian Institution...... 4,403 4,795 Energy...... 21,557 16,657 Soldiers' and Airmen's Home.. 994 1,056 Health and Human Services...... 155,662 133,842 Tennessee Valley Authority 51,714 30,564 Housing and Urban Development 16,964 11,843 U.S. Information Agency 8,138 9,078 Interior... 77,357 73,980 U.S. International Development Justice.. 56,327 65,529 6,152 4,799 Labor... 23,400 17,487 U.S. Postal Service. 660,014 790,960 State.... 23,497 25,325 Veterans Administration 228,285 240,423 Transportation....... 72,361 61,281 All other ..... 7,287 5,101 Treasury.. 124,663 135,628 1 Excludes agencies not shown separately. 2 Includes Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, not shown separately. 3 Includes agencies not shown separately. 4 Includes Housing and Home Finance Agency. 5 Peace Corps was part of ACTION in 1980; Peace Corps re-established Dec. 29, 1981. 6 Agency became independent from General Services Administration in 1985. Source: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Monthly Release of Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics.
No. 503. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT, BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND BY PAY SYSTEM: 1982 AND 1985 [As of Sept. 30. Covers total employment for only Executive Branch agencies participating in OPM's central personnel data file. Excludes foreign nationals abroad and U.S. Postal Service)
Includes American Indians, Alaska natives, Asians, and Pacific Islanders, not shown separately. 2 Due to the inclusion of unspecified employee records, the pay systems listed do not add to the total. 3 Pay rates as of January 1985 for general schedule. Each grade (except Executive) includes several salary steps. Range is from lowest to highest step of grades shown. 4 Includes white-collar employment in other than General Schedule and Equivalent or Executive pay plans. Page 4
This section presents data on national defense and its human and financial costs; active and reserve military personnel; ships, equipment and aircraft; and federally sponsored programs and benefits for veterans. The principal sources of these data are the annual Selected Manpower Statistics issued by the Office of the Secretary of Defense; Annual Report of Administrator of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration, and The Budget of the United States Government, Office of Management and Budget. For more data on expenditures, personnel, and ships, see section 31. Department of Defense (DOD).-The Department of Defense is responsible for providing the military forces of the United States. It includes the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the defense agencies. The President serves as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces; from him, the authority flows to the Secretary of Defense and through the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the commanders of unified and specified commands (e.g., Strategic Air Command). Reserve components.-Reserve personnel of the Armed Forces consist of the Army National Guard, Army Reserve, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, and Coast Guard Reserve. They provide trained personnel available for active duty in the Armed Forces in time of war or national emergency and at such other times as authorized by law. The National Guard has dual Federal-State responsibilities and uses jointly provided equipment, facilities, and budget support. In peacetime, the National Guard is State-administered, and trained under the authority of the State Governors. The President is empowered to mobilize the National Guard and to use such of the Armed Forces as he considers necessary to enforce Federal authority in any State. The ready reserve includes selected reservists who are intended to assist active forces in a war and the individual ready reserve who, in a major war, would be used to fill out active and reserve units and later would be a source of combat replacements; a portion of the ready reserve serves in an active status. The standby reserve cannot be called to active duty unless the Congress gives explicit approval. The retired reserve represents a low potential for mobilization. Veterans Administration.—The Veterans Administration (VA) administers laws authorizing benefits for eligible former and present members of the Armed Forces, and for the beneficiaries of deceased members. Veterans benefits available under various acts of Congress include: Compensation for service- connected disability or death; pensions for nonservice-connected disability or death; vocational rehabilitation, education, and training; home loan insurance; life insurance; health care; special housing and automobiles or other conveyances for certain disabled veterans; burial and plot allowances; and educational assistance to families of deceased or totally disabled veterans, servicemen missing in action, or prisoners of war. Since these benefits are legislated by Congress, the dates they were enacted and the dates they apply to veterans may be different from the actual dates the conflicts occurred. VA estimates of veterans cover all persons with active duty service during periods of war or armed conflict and until 1982 include those living outside the United States. Veteran population estimates for September 1982 are for the 50 States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Veterans whose active duty service was entirely during periods of peacetime are eligible for some veterans benefits and, where appropriate, are included in VA estimates. Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. See Appendix IV. Statistics for States and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAS).-Data for States and MSAS may also be found in State and Metropolitan Area Data Book 1986. For cross-references, see Appendix V. Page 5
No. 513. DEFENSE PURCHASES, NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNT (NIPA) BASIS: 1980 TO 1986 [In billions of dollars, except percent. National defense purchases on a NIPA basis will differ from other published measures of DOD spending, such as budget authority or outlays, because of coverage and timing differences. See source for further detail)
1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
Total purchases Percent of GNP 1 Durable goods....... Military equipment a Aircraft. Ships ..... Missiles.. Nondurable goods 2 Bulk petroleum Ammunition.. Services 2 Compensation of employees Military Structures
142.7 193.8 214.4 235.0 259.4 277.6 171.2 193.8 206.9 219.4 235.7 250.0 5.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.6 5.4 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.8 33.0 49.2 58.1 65.5 74.9 82.5 40.3 49.2 56.1 61.2 70.4 77.2 26.8 40.2 48.5 55.5 64.0 70.8 33.0 40.2 46.4 51.2 58.8 63.6 10.9 16.8 20.4 21.8 25.9 31.6 13.6 16.8 19.0 18.5 22.6 26.3 4.2 6.0 6.9 7.7 8.5 8.7 5.0 6.0 6.7 7.0 7.5 7.6 3.8 5.7 7.0 8.5 9.7 12.2 4.7 5.7 6.7 8.1 9.2 11.9 10.9 13.6 12.6 12.2 12.2 10.9 12.4 13.6 13.5 13.6 13.6 14.6 7.6 9.2 7.6 6.8 6.6 4.39.2 8.6 8.3 8.4 8.5 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.2 4.0 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.8 95.7 127.1 138.8 152.4 166.1 177.5 115.3 127.1 132.6 140.0 146.3 152.3 66.0 84.0 89.6 94.8 101.1 104.6 79.7 84.0 85.6 86.9 88.3 88.8 43.5 56.6 60.2 63.5 67.8 70.4 53.8 56.6 57.6 58.6 59.5 59.7 3.1 3.9 4.8 5.0 6.1 6.8 3.3 3.9 4.8 4.7 5.5 5.9
1 GNP=Gross national product. 2 Includes items not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929–1982, and Survey of Current Business, July 1987 issue.
No. 514. MILITARY PRIME CONTRACT AWARDS TO ALL BUSINESSES, BY PROGRAM: 1975 TO 1986 [In billions of dollars. Net values for fiscal year ending in year shown; see text, section 9. Includes all new prime contracts; debit or credit changes in contracts are also included. Actions cover official awards, amendments, or other changes in prime contracts to obtain military supplies, services, or construction. Excludes term contracts and contracts which do not obligate a firm total dollar amount or fixed quantity, but includes job orders, task orders, and delivery orders against such contracts)
NA Not available. 1 Covers firms not dominant in their fields of operation and employing fewer than 1,000, 750, or 500 persons, depending on industry classifications. For certain types of firms, other criteria are used, such as yearly gross sales. 2 Includes awards for CHAMPUS. 3 Covers only purchases from other Federal agencies and reimbursable purchases on behalf of foreign governments. 4 Includes Department of Defense contracts awarded for work in U.S. possessions, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Trust Territories of the Pacific, and other areas subject to complete sovereignty of U.S.; contracts in a classified location; and any intragovernmental contracts entered into overseas. Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Military Prime Contract Awards, annual.
No. 515. EMPLOYMENT-DEFENSE-RELATED AGENCIES: 1970 TO 1986 [In thousands, except percent. Annual averages]
1 Includes resident Armed Forces. 2 Includes U.S. residents only.
No. 516. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT AWARDS, PAYROLL, CIVILIAN AND MILITARY PERSONNEL-STATES: 1984 TO 1986 [For years ending Sept. 30. Contracts refer to awards made in year specified; expenditures relating to awards may extend over several years. Payroll estimates cover active duty military and direct hire civilian personnel, including Army Corps of Engineers. Civilian employees represent direct hire civilian employees; excluded are those who are not subject to Office of Management and Budget ceiling controls, such as summer aides. Military personnel in each department include a number of personnel in a transient status. These personnel are in a travel, proceed, leave enroute, or temporary duty status while on permanent change of station (PCS) orders. The Navy and Air Force report these personnel at their location prior to their arrival at their new permanent duty location. The Army includes these personnel in one category entitled "Undistributed,” which also includes personnel for which an exact location is undetermined)
U.S., total....... 124,015 140,096 136,026 53,302 54,633 59,456 942.0 2 976.2 2 963.9 1,358.7 3 1,366.9 3 1,427.6 AL.. 1,132 1,418 1,604 1,161 1,220 1,352 27.1 27.3 26.8 25.2 23.1 23.3 AK 437 550 565 477 530 541 4.4 5.0 5.0 21.0 20.4 21.0 AZ 1,764 2,006 2,632 686 654 754 10.0 10.4 10.6 22.6 20.7 25.6 AR 692 810 887 291 297 362 4.6 4.8 4.9 10.1 9.7 9.9 CA 28,520 29,115 27,738 8,695 8,910 9,475 133.8 137.9 135.2 203.8 204.8 209.0
1 Military awards for supplies, services, and construction. Net value of contracts of over $25,000 for work in each State and DC. Figures reflect impact of prime contracting on State distribution of defense work. Often the State in which a prime contractor is located is not the State in which the subcontracted work is done. See also headnote, table 514. 2 Includes undistributed civilians. 3 Includes undistributed military personnel. * The Portsmouth Naval shipyard was reported at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, instead of Kittery, Maine. Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Prime Contract Awards by State, annual, Distribution of Personnel by State-by Selected Locations, annual; and Atlas/State Data Abstract for the United States and Selected Areas, annual.
No. 517. WORLDWIDE MILITARY EXPENDITURES: 1974 TO 1984 (For military expenditures and Armed Forces by country, see section 31. GNP=Gross national product]
MILITARY EXPENDITURES (bil. dol.)
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1980 1984
X Not applicable. 1 Includes countries not shown separately. 2 Twenty-eight developed countries; see table 518 for selected countries; for complete list see source. 3 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 4 The meaning of the ratio of military expenditures to GNP differs somewhat between most Communist countries and non-Communist countries because of different estimating procedures. For details, see source.
No. 518. ARMS TRADE IN CONSTANT (1983) DOLLARS-SELECTED COUNTRIES: 1983 TO 1985 [In millions of constant (1983) dollars)
NA Not available. 1 Includes countries not shown separately. Source of tables 517 and 518: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.
No. 519. ARMS TRANSFERS—CUMULATIVE VALUE FOR PERIOD 1981 TO 1985, BY MAJOR SUPPLIER, AND RECIPIENT COUNTRY
NATO, total. U.S... Non-U.S Warsaw Pact, total. Soviet Union..... Non-Soviet Union Others........
13,270 17,310 20,280 24,440 28,200 30,240 37,570 39,910 40,040 41,460 28,900 7,205 9,580 10,880 11,950 11,260 13,790 19,060 17,950 21,420 20,140 15,190 4,900 5,900 6,700 6,500 6,100 6,500 8,600 9,300 11,800 10,200 9,400 2,305 3,680 4,180 5,450 5,160 7,290 10,460 8,650 9,620 9,940 5,790 4,900 6,370 7,975 10,390 14,710 13,900 14,230 15,490 13,410 14,150 11,480 4,000 5,300 6,600 8,500 12,900 12,200 12,000 12,700 11,000 11,100 8,900 900 1,070 1,375 1,890 1,810 1,700 2,230 2,790 2,410 3,050 2,580 1,165 1,360 1,425 2,100 2,230 2,550 4,280 6,470 5,210 7,170 2,230
Source of tables 519 and 520: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.
No. 521. ARMS DELIVERED BY SELECTED SUPPLIER AND MAJOR WEAPON TYPE: 1981 TO 1985 [The suppliers included are the five largest single exporters of major weapons in terms of magnitude of deliveries as well as other countries of the two major alliances; excluded are Albania, Greece, Malta, Spain, Turkey, and Yugoslavia]
Represents zero. 1 Includes other countries not shown separately. 2 United States data are by fiscal years 1981 to 1985, while other suppliers' data are by calendar years 1981 to 1985. 3 Air defense artillery includes weapons over 23 millimeters. 4 Field artillery includes mobile rocket launchers mortars, and recoilless rifles over 100 millimeters. 5 Major surface combatants include aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, destroyer escorts, and frigates. 6 Minor surface combatants include motor torpedo boats, subchasers, and minesweepers. ? Other aircraft include reconnaissance aircraft, trainers, transports, and utility aircraft. Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.
No. 522. ESTIMATES OF TOTAL DOLLAR COSTS OF AMERICAN WARS [In millions of dollars, except percent. Service-connected veterans' benefits estimated at 40 percent of total veterans' benefits except as noted]
- Represents zero. 1 Figures are rounded and taken from Claudia D. Goldin, Encyclopedia of American Economic History, 2 Total cost to Oct. 1, 1985. For World War I and later wars, benefits are actual service-connected figures from 1985 Annual Report of Veterans Administration. For earlier wars, service-connected veterans' benefits are estimated at 40 percent of total, the approximate ratio of service-connected to total benefits since World War I. 3 Total cost to 1985. Interest payments are a very rough approximation based on the percentage of the original costs of each war financed by money creation and debt, the difference between the level of public debt at the beginning of the war and at its end, and the approximate time required to pay off the war debts. 4 Unknown. 5 Figures are rounded estimates. Source: Originally presented in U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, The Military Budget and National Economic Priorities, Part 1, 91st Congress, 1st session (statement of James L. Clayton); subsequently revised and updated by James L. Clayton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
No. 523. U.S. MILITARY SALES AND ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS: 1950 TO 1986
[In millions of dollars, except as indicated. For fiscal year ending in year shown; see text section 9. Department of Defense (DOD) sales deliveries cover deliveries against DOD sales orders authorized under Arms Export Control Act, as well as earlier and applicable legislation. For details regarding individual programs, see source)
Military sales agreements....... 49,009 5,660 6,725 11,035 12,713 Weapons and ammunition...... 22,173 2,366 2,710 3,611 6,393 Support equipment ? 6,274 438 622 1,948 909 Spare parts and modifications. 11,354 1,039 1,863 2,273 1,608 Support services ...... 9,208 1,817 1,530 3,203 3,803 Military construction sales agreements ... 12,252 581 647 1,024 | 1,591 Military sales deliveries 2 26,026 7,032 7,549 7,894 7,214 Military sales financing.... 10,170 1,911 2,101 5,673 1,950 Military assistance programs 57,484 227 210 229 266 Military assist. program deliveries 52,563 108 219 169 435 IMET program/deliveries 1,868 24 28 27 25 Students trained (1,000) 484 5 4 4 4
6,502 18,022 15,319 13,892 11,506 7,059 2,037 7,450 8,093 6,376 3,661 2,403 959 3,623 1,181 2,053 1,947 718 2,122 3,629 3,338 2,760 2,628 1,759 1,384 3,319 2,707 2,702 3,271 2,183 882 1,920 723 305 754 69 9,132 10,544 13,028 9,670 8,643 7,739 3,046 3,884 5,107 5,716 4,940 4,947 250 395 413 699 758 792 309 416 173 129 23 28 28 44 47 52 52 5 6 7 6 7 6
1 Includes aircraft, ships, support vehicles, communications equipment, and other supplies. 2 Includes military construction sales deliveries. 3 Includes Military Assistance Service Funded (MASF) program data, Section 506(a) drawdown authority, and MAP Merger Funds as follows: FY 1982—$134 million; FY 1983—$324 million; FY 1984—$642 million; FY 1985—$758 million; FY 1986—$752 million. * Includes Military Assistance Service Funded (MASF) program data and Section 506(a) drawdown authority. Source: U.S. Defense Security Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts, annual, and unpublished data. Page 6
Military Personnel-ROTC—Basic Pay
No. 535. ENLISTED MILITARY PERSONNEL ACCESSIONS: 1980 TO 1986 [In thousands. For years ending Sept. 30]
Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Selected Manpower Statistics, annual; and Military Manpower Statistics, monthly.
No. 536. RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS (ROTC)-ENROLLMENT: 1970 TO 1986 [In thousands. For May, or end of school year. Jr. ROTC refers to enrollment in high schools, academies, junior colleges, and National Defense Cadet Corps schools; includes Jr. ROTC in all service branches]
No. 537. MILITARY PERSONNEL ON ACTIVE DUTY BY GRADE IN WHICH SERVING: 1983 TO 1986
Total 1. 5.8 2.3 Recruit-E-1. 136.7 129.8 127.6 132.6 2nd Lt.-0-1.. 38.5 Private-E-2 143.5 137.2 140.6 148.7 1st Lt.--0-2. 43.1 Pvt. 1st class-E-3. 371.4 368.1 336.3 328.6 Captain-0-3. 98.3 Corporal-E-4. 413.2 424.0 444.4 443.9 Major-0-4. 51.5 Sergeant-E-5........ 347.2 351.2 356.2 361.1 Lt. Colonel-0-5. 32.5 Staff Sgt.-E-6.. 222.1 231.7 237.8 241.6 Colonel-0-6... 14.5 Sgt. 1st class-E-7. 124.8 126.9 131.9 133.4 Brig. General-0-7. .5 Master Sgt.-E-8. 38.2 37.9 38.5 39.0 Major General-O-8. .4 Sgt. Major-E-9. 14.0 14.3 15.1 15.5 Lt. General-0-9 .1 Warrant Officer-W-1..... 3.7 2.7 2.4 2.2 General-0-10...... (z) Chief Warrant-W-2.... 7.5 8.9 9.4 Z Less than 50. 1 Includes cadets and midshipmen.
39.2 44.4 104.7 54.4 32.7 14.6 .5 .4
No. 538. MONTHLY (JANUARY) RATES OF MILITARY BASIC PAY: 1984 TO 1987
Recruit-E-1 (0-2). $596 $620 $639 $658 2d Lt.-0-1 (0-2)... $1,143 $1,189 $1,224 $1,261 Private-E-2 (0-2). 669 695 716 738 1st Lt.-0-2 (2-3)... 1,438 1,495 1,540 1,586 Pvt. 1st class-E-3 (0 Captain-0-3 (6-8) 2,092 2,176 2,241 2,308 2) 695 723 745 767 Major-0-4 (14-16) 2,648 2,754 2,836 2,921 Corporal-E-4 (2-3). 779 810 835 860 Lt. Colonel--0-5 (20Sergeant-E-5 (4-6) 942 980 1,009 1,040 22). 3,282 3,413 3,516 3,621 Staff Sgt.-E-6 (12-14).... 1,250 1,300 1,339 1,379 Sgt. 1st Class-E-7 Colonel-0-6 (26-30). 4,163 4,330 4,460 4,593 (18-20). 1,523 1,584 1,631 1,680 Brig. General-0-7 (26Master Sgt.-E-8 (20 30).. 4,738 4,928 5,075 5,228 22). 1,748 1,818 1,873 1,929 Maj General-0-8 (26Sgt. Major-E-9 (22-26). 2,100 2,184 2,249 2,317 30). 5,450 5,667 35,725 35,900 Warrant Officer-W-1 Lt. General-O-9 (26(10-12).. 1,438 1,495 1,540 1,586 30) .... 35,500 35,725 3 5,725 3 5,900 Chief Warrant-W-4 General-0-10 (26–30) ... 35,500 35,725 35,725 3 5,900 (26-30)... 2,627 2,732 2,814 2,898 1 Longevity pay step of typical military member. 2 As of October 1985. 3 Statutory limitation. Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Office of the Comptroller, unpublished data. Page 7
No. 547. VETERANS BENEFITS-EXPENDITURES FROM APPROPRIATED FUNDS, BY WAR: TOTAL AND 1940 TO 1986 [In millions of dollars. For fiscal year ending in year shown; see text, section 9. Refers to expenditures of Veterans Administration and predecessor agencies. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 971-983]
X Not applicable. z Less than $500,000. 1 June 27, 1950 to Jan. 31, 1955. 2 Service from Aug. 5, 1964, to May 7, 1975. 3 Includes $70 million for the Revolutionary War and $49 million for the War of 1812. 4 15 months ending Sept 30. 5 Peacetime combined with service between Korea and Vietnam only. Source: U.S. Veterans Administration, unpublished data.
No. 548. VETERANS COMPENSATION AND PENSION BENEFITS-NUMBER ON ROLLS AND AVERAGE PAYMENT, BY PERIOD OF SERVICE AND STATUS: 1980 TO 1986 [As of Sept. 30. Living refers to veterans receiving compensation for disability incurred or aggravated while on active duty and war veterans receiving pension and benefits for nonservice connected disabilities. Deceased refers to deceased veterans whose dependents were receiving pensions and compensation benefits. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 998-999]
Total ....... Living veterans. Service connected.... Nonservice connected Deceased veterans Service connected.... Nonservice connected Prior to World War I... Living ...... Deceased. World War I.. Living Deceased. World War 11 Living Deceased. Korean conflict 2 Living ... Deceased. Peace-time.. Living Deceased. Vietnam era Living ..... Deceased..
4,646 4,407 4,286 4,123 4,006 3,899 $2,370 $2,981 $3,197 $3,335 $3,505 $3,647 3,195 3,099 3,044 2,980 2,931 2,883 2,600 3,244 3,450 3,534 3,666 3,720 2,273 2,275 2,263 2,251 2,240 2,225 2,669 3,339 3,538 3,573 3,692 3,756 922 824 781 730 690 658 2,428 2,982 3,193 3,416 3,581 3,600 1,451 1,308 1,242 1,143 1,075 (1,016 1,863 2,356 2,576 2,813 3,066 3,288 358 350 346 342 336 331 3,801 4,859 5,276 5,471 5,836 6,144 1,093 957 896 801 739 685 1,228 1,440 1,533 1,680 1,809 1,908 14 11 7 6 | 1,432 1,624 1,685 1,777 1,855 1,908 (z) (2) (z) (z) (z) (2) 2,634 3,183 3,440 4,031 4,436 5,388 14 11 8 6 1,403 1,596 1,658 1,749 1,822 1,872 692 571 515 435 381 334 1,683 1,981 2,077 2,276 2,461 2,532 198 139 114 87 68 53 2,669 3,336 3,568 4,009 4,439 4,476 494 432 401 348 313 281 1,288 1,547 1,653 1,841 2,029 2,160 2,520 2,353 2,273 2,180 2,097 2,020 2,307 2,866 3,061 3,172 3,317 3,408 1,849 1,745 1,691 1,631 1,575 1,518 2,462 3,057 3,246 3,331 3,460 3,504 671 608 582 549 522 502 1,880 2,321 2,523 2,697 2,888 3,096 446 428 419 407 399 395 2,691 3,466 3,742 3,918 4,114 4,248 317 315 313 311 309 308 2,977 3,764 4,013 4,119 4,260 4,344 129 113 105 90 87 1,990 2,630 2,933 3,265 3,615 3,912 312 353 370 387 404 419 3,080 3,729 3,901 3,895 3,973 3,996 262 302 319 335 352 367 2,828 3,398 3,545 3,528 3,589 3,888 50 51 51 52 52 52 4,399 5,697 6,118 6,265 6,577 6,468 662 691 700 707 716 726 2,795 3,532 3,783 3,864 4,021 4,128 569 598 607 616 626 637 2,709 3,417 3,654 3,714 3,849 3,936 93 93 93 91 90 89 3,324 4,273 4,621 4,880 5,220 5,460
z Fewer than 500. 1 Averages calculated by multiplying average monthly payment by 12. 2 Service during period June 27, 1950, to Jan. 31, 1955. 3 Service from Aug. 5, 1964, to May 7, 1975. Source: U.S. Veterans Administration, Annual Report of Administrator of Veterans Affairs, and unpublished data. Page 8
Social Welfare Expenditures
No. 553. SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES, BY SOURCE OF FUNDS AND PUBLIC PROGRAM: 1980 TO 1985 [In millions of dollars. See headnote, table 552, and Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series H 1-47, for related but not comparable data]
Health and medical programs. Hospital and medical care Civilian programs .... Defense Department o Maternal and child health programs. Medical research..... Medical facilities construction.. Other ....... Veterans programs. Pensions and compensation.. Health and medical programs Hospital and medical care. Hospital construction.... Medical and prosthetic research Education...... Life insurance 10 Welfare and other
21,254 212 25,561 265 25,822 26,833 338 11,306 (x) 13,895 (x) 13,949 14,256 (x) 6,204 8,388 8,855 9,713 (x) 5,750 7,763 8,141 8,906 323 474 527 593 131 152 (x) 186 215 (x) 2,401 1,708 (x) 1,413 1,168 (x) 665 (x) 744 746 796 (x) 679 212 827 265 860 900 338 11 13,452 107,597 11 12,397 129,416 11 12,979 | 139,046 11 13,740 152, 153 7,430 79,720 6,140 96,512 6,659 | 103,359 7,268 113,474 41 6,483 77 7,112 28 7,230 23 8,335 4,468 21,708 5,052 25,416 5,028 27,616 5,102 30,343 42 1,486 85 1,974 35 2,236 32 2,685 1,207 6,169 898 7,488 1,046 8,072 1,087 8,335
Education .... Elementary and secondary Construction 12 Higher....... Construction Vocational and adult 12 Housing... Other social welfare.. Vocational rehabilitation Medical services and research. Institutional care 13. Child nutrition 14 Child welfare 15 Special CSA and ACTION programs Welfare, not elsewhere classified 17
1,306 6,096 338 83 753 928 (NA) (x) 4,076
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Excludes refunds to those leaving service. Federal data include military retirement. 2 Includes compensation for Federal employees and ex-servicemen, trade adjustment and cash training allowance, and payments under extended, emergency, disaster, and special unemployment insurance programs. 3 Unemployment and temporary disability insurance. 4 Cash and medical benefits in 5 areas. Includes private plans where applicable. 5 Benefits paid by private insurance carriers, State funds, and self-insurers. Federal includes black lung benefit programs. 6 Includes payments under State general assistance programs and work incentive activities, not shown separately. 7 Medical vendor payments are those made directly to suppliers of medical care. 8 Refugee assistance, surplus food for the needy, and workexperience training programs under the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. Beginning 1983, includes low-income energy assistance program. 9 Includes medical care for military dependent families. 10 Excludes servicemen's group life insurance. 11 Includes Federal expenditures for administrative costs (Department of Education) and research, not shown separately. 12 Construction costs of vocational and adult education programs included under elementary-secondary expenditures. 13 Federal expenditures represent primarily surplus foods for nonprofit institutions. 14 Surplus food for schools and programs under National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Acts. 15 Represents primarily child welfare services under title V of the Social Security Act. 16 Includes domestic volunteer programs under ACTION and community action and migrant workers programs under Community Services Administration. 17 Federal expenditures include administrative expenses of the Secretary of Health and Human Services; Indian welfare and guidance; and aging and juvenile delinquency activities. State and local include antipoverty and manpower programs, child care and adoption services, legal assistance, and other unspecified welfare services. Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin, June 1987, and forthcoming issue. Page 9
Cash and Noncash Benefits
No. 557. CASH AND NONCASH BENEFITS FOR PERSONS WITH LIMITED INCOME: 1980 TO 1986 [For years ending September 30, except as noted. Programs covered in this table provide cash, goods, or services to persons who make no payment and render no service in return. In case of job and training programs and some educational benefits, recipients must work or study for wages, training allowances, stipends, grants, or loans. Most of the programs base eligibility on individual, household, or family income, but some use group or area income tests; and a few offer help on the basis of presumed need]
Total......... (x) (x) 104,956 140,424 145,820 80,519 104,893 108,146 Medical care 2 (x) 32,241 48,297 | 51,870 19,237 27,548 29,898 Medicaid 3 4 21,735 4 21,808 4 22,592 25,781 41,150 44,725 14,550 22,655 24,995 Veterans 5 (NA) 73,349 73,053 23,183 73,349 73,053 ? 3,183 General assistance (NA) (NA) (NA) 71,610 1,949 | 71,950 Indian Health Services 8 987 549 862 821 549 862 821 Maternal and child health services. (NA) (NA) (NA) 326 783 681 214 478 389 Community health centers.. 85,000 85,200 85,350 325 383 396 325 383 396 Cash aid 2 (x) (x) (x) 29,362 38,074 40,799 19,616 24,924 26,799 A.F.D.C. 39. 10,499 10,794 10,995 13,019 16,736 17,757 6,964 8,909 9,536 Supplemental Security Income 3 4,160 4,305 4,449 8,435 11,857 12,820 10 6,365 ° 9,603 10 10,307 Pensions for needy veterans 11 123,076 2 1,489 2 1,397 3,585 3,842 3,874 3,585 3,842 3,874 General assistance ....... 910 71,323 71,332 13 1,386 7 2,499 7 2,605 Earned income tax credit.. 7 21,200 16,500 7 18,930 2,033 1,600 2,043 2,033 1,600 2,043 Food benefits (x) 13,546 20,085 20,098 13,089 19,056 18,996 Food stamps 3 14 21,100 21,400 20,900 9,576 13,470 13,466 9,195 12,599 12,528 School lunch program 16 12,200 16 11,500 16 11,600 17 2,110 17 2,656 17 2,669 17 2,110 17 2,656 17 2,669 Women, infants and children 18 1,980 3,139 3,318 772 1,500 1,579 772 1,500 1,579 Temporary emergency food assistance...... (NA) 15,000 (x) 1,015 896 (x) 1,015 896 Nutrition program for elderly 20 8 3,083 83,630 83,584 459 614 615 383 456 451 Housing benefits (x) (x) (x) 9,606 14,115 13,250 9,606 14,115 13,250 Lower-income housing asst. (Sec. 8).. 21 1,153 2,104 6,818 7,430 2,104 6,818 7,430 Low-rent public housing 21 1,192 2,185 3,408 2,882 2,185 3,408 2,882 Rural housing loans .... 22 26 23 2,887 23 1,790 23 1,155 23 2,887 23 1,790 1,155 Rural rental housing loans. 23 881 23 903 Interest reduction payments. 656 619 633 656 619 633 Education aid 2 5,176 10,056 10,583 4,890 9,559 10,101 Pell grants 24 2,506 | 24 2,797 2,881 5 2,431 25 2,800 25 3,862 25 2,431 25 2,800 25 3,862 Guaranteed student loans 26 (x) 4 3,477 (x) 27 3,889 27 3,295 (x) 27 3,889 27 3,295 Head Start.. 376 448 448 920 1,308 1,267 736 1,046 1,013 College Work-Study Program 5 593 5 593 Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants ........ 25 375 Jobs and training 2 (x) (x) 8,706 3,976 3,700 8,625 3,895 3,626 Employment and training services 28 2,144 30 1,886 30 ° 1,783 2,144 1,886 30 1,783 Summer youth employment program 28 721 721 Job Corps 28 470 Senior community service employment program. 32 61 297 267 Work incentive program 406 297 234 365 267 211 Services 2 (x) (x) 4,598 3,551 3,389 3,735 3,551 3,389 Social services (Title 20) 34 35 7,000 (NA) (NA) 3,648 2,725 2,584 2,785 2,725 2,584 Community services block grant. (x) (x) (x) 372 354 372 354 Energy assistance 2 (x) (x) (x) 1,721 2,270 2,131 1,721 2,245 2,087 Low-income energy assistance 3 1,539 39 2,079 39 1,949 1,539 2,054 1,905
21 2,010 21 1,355 22 41 22 26 22 528
Represents zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Includes State and local government expenditures not shown separately. 2 Includes other programs not shown separately. 3 Expenditure data include administrative expenses. 4 Unduplicated annual number. 5 Medical care for veterans with a non-service-connected disability. 6 Estimated number of patients discharged from hospital during year. 7 Estimated. 8 Annual numbers. 9 Aid to Families with Dependent Children program. Excludes data for foster care program. 10 Excludes Federal sums spent for SSI (State supplements) to Indochinese refugees. 11 Includes dependents and survivors. 12 Estimate as of June for 1980 and as of Sept. for other years. 13 Data for Alaska and Vermont were not reported. 14 Beginning 1985, includes Puerto Rico's nutritional assistance program, which replaced food stamp program there in July 1982. 15 Free and reduced-price segments. 16 Estimated daily average. 17 Includes estimate of commodity assistance. 18 Special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children. 19 Estimate. As of October. 20 No income test required but preference given to those with greatest need. 21 Units eligible for payment at end of year. 22 Represents total families or dwelling units during year. 23 Amount of loans obligated. 24 Total numbers for an award year ending July of year shown. 25 Appropriation available for school year ending in the fiscal year named. 26 Program had no income test in 1980. 27 Net obligations for school year beginning in fiscal year named. 28 Programs represent specific titles under the Job Training and Partnership Act (UTPA) and its (1980) predecessor, the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. 29 Average number of job and training slots for program year. 30 Funds obligated. 31 Total participants (June-August). 32 Annual number of jobs authorized. 33 New registrants only. 34 Data are unavailable for non-Federal funds spent after FY 1981, when State funding requirements were repealed. 35 Estimate of annual number of primary recipients. 36 Predecessor programs under Community Services Administration. 37 Number of households. aided during year. Includes all SSI households, which received special energy aid that year. Count includes some duplications. 38 Number of households that received heating aid, crisis intervention, or weatherization aid. Excludes households that received only cooling aid. 39 State spending includes funds received as "oil overcharge" settlements. Source: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, “Cash and Noncash Benefits for Persons with Limited Income: Eligibility Rules, Recipient and Expenditure Data, FY 1984-86," "Report No. 87-759 EPW, September 1987 and previous reports. Page 10
No. 563. SOCIAL SECURITY (OASDHI)—CONTRIBUTION RATES: 1970 TO 1990 [As of January 1, except as noted. Effect of changes represents first full-year effect on contributions of changes in taxable wage base and combined tax rate. OASDI=Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance; HI=Hospital insurance)
NA Not available. 1 Effective July 1. 2 No increase occurred. 3 Employee's maximum tax; see footnote 4. 4 Em- Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin, and unpublished data. No. 564. SOCIAL SECURITY TRUST FUNDS: 1970 TO 1986
Old-age and survivors insurance (OASI): Net contribution income 1, 30,256 56,816 103,456 122,627 | 123,673 138,337 166,957 180,165 194,165 Transfers from general revenue 2. 449 425 540 675 680 5,541 105 2,203 160 Interest received 3. 1,515 2,364 1,845 2,060 845 6,706 2,566 1,871 3,068 Benefit payments 4 28,798 58,517 105,083 5123,803 5138,806 149,221 157,841 167,248 176,813 Assets, end of year 32,454 36,987 22,823 21,490 6 22,0886 19,672 16 27,117 6 35,842 39,081 Reserve ratio ? (percent) 111 62 21 17 16 13 17 21 22 Disability insurance (DI): Net contribution income 1 4,481 7,444 13,255 16,738 21,995 17,991 16,135 17,413 18,637 Transfers from general revenue 2. 130 168 174 1,121 1,017 Interest received 3. 277 502 485 172 546 1,569 1,174 870 803 Benefit payments 3,085 8,505 15,515 5 17,192 5 17,376 17,524 17,898 18,827 19,853 Assets, end of year. 5,614 7,354 3,629 3,049 8 2,691 85,195 8 3,9598 6,321 7,780 Reserve ratio ? (percent) 174 84 23 17 15 29 21 33 38 Hospital insurance (HI): Net contribution income 1 9 4,881 11,509 23,866 32,981 34,610 38,169 42,468 47,617 54,626 Transfers from general revenue 10. 874 670 871 900 1,015 2,756 752 657 Interest received 3. 158 663 1,149 1,602 2,022 3,285 3,150 3,362 3,619 Benefit payments 5,124 11,315 | 25,064 30,342 35,631 39,337 43,257 47,580 49,758 Assets, end of year 3,202 10,517 13,749 18,748 118,164 1112,858 1115,691 | 120,499 39,957 Reserve ratio ? (percent) 61 91 23 32 36 42 79 Supplementary medical insurance (SMI): Net premium income .......... 1,096 1,918 3,011 12 3,722 12 3,697 4,236 5,167 5,613 5,722 Transfers from general revenue .... 1,093 2,648 7,455 1211,291 1212,284 14,861 17,054 18,250 17,802 Interest received.. 12 106 408 362 599 725 959 1,243 1,141 Benefit payments 1,975 4,273 10,635 13,113 15,455 18,106 19,661 22,947 | 26,239 Assets, end of year ... 188 1,444 4,530 5,877 6,230 7,070 9,698 10,924 8,291 Reserve ratio (percent) 8 30 40 42 37 47 30
Represents zero. 1 Includes deposits by States and deductions for refund of estimated employee-tax overpayment. Beginning in 1983, includes government contributions on deemed wage credits for military service in 1957 and later. Beginning 1984 includes tax credits on wages paid in 1984 and net earnings from self-employment in 1984-86; and taxation of benefits. 2 Includes payments (1) for costs of noncontributory wage credits for military service performed before 1957; (2) in 1975-82, for costs of deemed wage credits for military service performed after 1956; and, for OASI only, (3) for costs of benefits to certain uninsured persons who attained age 72 before 1968. 3 Beginning in 1983, includes interest on interfund borrowing, interest on advance tax transfers, and interest on reimbursement for unnegotiated checks. Data for 1983 and 1984 reflect interest on deemed wage credits for military service performed after 1956. 4 Includes payments for vocational rehabilitation services furnished to disabled persons receiving benefits because of their disabilities. Beginning in 1983, amounts reflect deductions for unnegotiated benefit checks. 5 Data adjusted to reflect 12 months of benefit payments. 6 Includes $18 billion borrowed from the Dl and HI Trust Funds. Repayments on Jan. 31, 1985, reduced such amounts to $13.2 billion. Assets at end of year as a percentage of benefit payments and administrative expenses during the year. 8 Excludes $5 billion lent to the OASI Trust Fund. Repayment on Jan. 31, 1985, reduced the total to $2.5 billion. Beginning in 1975, includes premiums from aged ineligibles enrolled in Hl. 10 Represents Federal Government transfers from general-fund appropriations to meet costs of benefits for persons not insured for cash benefits under OASDI-HI or railroad retirement and for costs of benefits arising from military wage credits. 11 Excludes $12 billion lent to the OASI Trust Fund Repayment on Jan. 31, 1985, reduced the total to $10.6 billion. 12 Data adjusted to reflect 12 months of premium and general revenue income. Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Report of Board of Trustees, OASI, DI, HI, and SMI Trust Funds. Also published in Social Security Bulletin, monthly. Page 11
No. 577. MEDICARE-HOSPITAL UTILIZATION AND HOSPITAL AND PHYSICIAN CHARGES: 1970 TO 1985 [Data reflect date expense was incurred based on bills submitted for payment and recorded in Health Care Financing Administration central records through March 1987. Includes Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, other outlying areas and enrollees in foreign countries]
1 Estimated to adjust for bill processing lag. 2 Disabled persons under age 65 and persons enrolled solely because of endstage renal disease (ESRD) 3 Based on Hosptial Insurance (HI) enrollment as of July 1. Source: U.S. Health Care Financing Administration, unpublished data.
No. 578. MEDICARE AND MEDICAID-SUMMARY, BY STATE AND OTHER AREAS: 1980 AND 1986 (1986 data are preliminary estimates. For composition of regions, see fig. I, inside front cover)
Total 31,768 35,699 75,997 22,337 23,311 40,805 So. Atl.--Con. 80 149 283 99 168 201 U.S.5. 31,107 35,561 75,734 20,561 23,210 40,645 VA 648 614 1,384 314 359 595 Region: WV 296 260 647 211 104 201 Northeast.. 7,199 | 9,071 18,635 5,056 8,138 14,639 NC 791 642 1,393 378 401 751 Midwest. 7,998 9,507 19,388 5,213 5,637 9,866 SC 388 302 689 262 258 394 South 10,451 10,412 23,440 GA 5,741 5,557 9,708 667 462 601 1,360 484 818 West.. FL.. 588 5,438 6,529 14,256 2,044 2,278 5,532 392 1,003 4,551 3,878 6,432 E. So. Cent 2,042 1,878 4,101 N. Eng 1,385 1,150 1,936 1,812 2,238 4,442 1,053 1,781 3,114 KY 504 437 930 415 296 537 ME. 173 177 335 125 131 283 TN 642 594 1,312 395 380 719 NH. 127 120 228 35 72 133 AL. 545 523 1,139 316 263 410 VT.. 71 68 122 50 59 95 MS. 351 324 720 259 211 270 MA. 843 1,179 2,328 529 | 1,009 1,665 W. So. Cent 2,926 2,979 6,563 1,658 1,896 3,050 RI.. 153 189 363 160 263 376 333 720 203 235 434 СТ 445 505 1,066 217 350 675 LA. 484 467 1,051 446 415 780 Mid. Ati. 5,387 6,833 14,193 4,003 6,357 11,525 OK 430 443 890 242 265 422 NY. 2,478 3,409 6,506 2,323 4,543 8,251 TX. 1,636 1,736 3,902 767 981 1,414 1,047 1,198 2,707 NJ. 581 756 1,281 Mt. 1,395 1,304 2,893 505 446 917 РА. МТ, 99 108 198 52 1,862 2,226 4,980 62 112 1,099 1,058 1,993 ID. 120 97 216 40 52 85 E. No. Cent 5,456 6,720 13,676 3,977 4,114 7,241 WY 46 44 88 21 14 33 OH.. 1,439 1,606 3,213 1,086 809 2,050 CO. 310 315 663 132 182 304 IN.. 711 719 1,985 298 354 828 NM 154 137 299 92 70 164 IL 1,473 2,046 3,951 1,064 1,192 1,675 AZ 416 383 912 MI 1,155 1,620 3,040 1,120 1,072 1,768 UT 139 110 248 76 80 140 WI.. 678 729 1,487 409 687 920 NV 102 119 269 33 45 79 W. No. Cent.... 2,542 2,787 5,711 1,236 1,523 2,625 Pac... 4,043 5,225 11,362 4,105 3,373 5,515 MN 561 594 1,179 344 590 1,044 WA 546 507 1,172 358 329 628 445 453 826 222 230 374 OR. 382 385 800 163 179 260 MO 753 888 2,002 360 295 556 CA 2,992 4,219 9,138 3,466 2,728 4,405 ND 95 109 225 40 47 121 AK 18 18 42 29 85 SD 106 96 197 37 55 HI.. 109 105 137 103 96 89 210 NE 232 234 432 102 109 188 PR 400 124 232 1,762 156 KS 350 413 851 131 197 239 Outlying So. Atl. 5,483 5,555 12,776 2,698 2,511 4,722 areas 614 DE 78 87 167 45 79 Foreign........ 250 9 24 (x) (x) (x) MD. 491 622 1,321 323 322 680 X Not applicable. 1 Hospital and/or medical insurance enrollment as of July 1. 2 Payments are for calendar year and represent total disbursements from Federal hospital and supplementary medical insurance trust funds. Estimates of distribution by State based on interim reimbursements. 3 For fiscal year ending Sept. 30. 4 Persons receiving Medicaid at any time during year. 5 Includes data for enrollees with residence unknown. 6 Virgin Islands only. Source: U.S. Health Care Financing Administration, Medicare Program Statistics, Selected State Data, 1978-1982, May 1984 and unpublished data. Page 12
Workers' Compensation Payments
No. 583. WORKERS' COMPENSATION PAYMENTS: 1970 TO 1985 [In millions of dollars, except as indicated. See headnote, table 584. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series H 332-345)
3,031 6,598 8,629 9,793 12,027 13,562 15,016 16,319 17,611 19,685 22,470 1,843 3,422 4,629 5,256 6,157 7,023 7,868 8,647 9,268 10,610 12,334 755 2,324 2,750 3,039 4,022 4,333 4,614 4,795 5,066 5,376 5,874 432 852 1,250 1,497 1,848 2,206 2,534 2,877 3,277 3,700 4,262
Workers covered ? (mil.). Annual benefits paid. By private carriers 2. From State funds 3 Employers' self-insurance Type of benefit: Medical/hospitalization.. Compensation payments Disability Survivor... Percent of covered payroll : Workers' compensation costs 5 6 Benefits 6
1,050 2,030 2,680 2,980 3,520 3,930 4,420 4,877 5,697 6,420 7,300 1,981 4,568 5,950 6,813 8,507 9,632 10,596 11,442 11,914 13,265 15,170 1,751 3,843 5,075 5,848 7,232 8,322 9,196 9,932 10,404 11,675 13,460 230 725 875 965 1,275 1,310 1,400 1,510 1,510 1,590 1,710
1 Estimated per month. 2 Net cash and medical benefits paid under standard workers' compensation policies. 3 Net cash and medical benefits paid by competitive and exclusive State funds and by Federal workers' compensation programs, including black lung benefit program. 4 Cash and medical benefits paid by self-insurers, plus value of medical benefits paid by employers carrying workers' compensation policies that exclude standard medical coverage. 5 Premiums written by private carriers and State funds, and benefits paid by self-insurers increased by 5-10 percent to allow for administrative costs. Also includes benefits paid and administrative costs of Federal system for government employees. 6 Excludes programs financed from general revenue-black lung benefits and supplemental pensions in some States. Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin.
No. 584. WORKERS' COMPENSATION PAYMENTS, BY STATE: 1980 TO 1985 [In millions of dollars. Calendar-year data, except fiscal-year data for Federal civilian and other programs and for a few States with State funds. Payments represent cash and medical benefits and include insurance losses paid by private insurance carriers (compiled from the Spectator (Insurance by States . . . of Casualty Lines), from reports of State insurance commissions, and from A. M. Best Co.); net disbursements of State funds (from the Spectator, from Argus Casualty and Surety Chart, and from State reports), estimated for some States; and self-insurance payments, estimated from available State data. Includes benefit payments under Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act and Defense Bases Compensation Act for States in which such payments are made]
Total 13,562 16,319 17,611 19,685 22,470 Nevada ... 69 92 96 106 123 New Hampshire. 48 60 64 77 Alabama 112 132 147 166 203 New Jersey... 316 350 395 444 501 Alaska.. 64 77 93 109 New Mexico 54 92 114 140 Arizona 120 138 171 165 198 New York. 637 760 758 858 985 Arkansas 83 103 118 134 142 North Carolina 131 160 173 201 242 California 1,628 2,033 2,261 2,655 3,243 North Dakota. 17 22 23 29 33 Colorado... 115 181 210 251 281 Ohio. 776 1,019 1,085 1,259 1,441 Connecticut. 132 209 232 266 Oklahoma. 134 211 228 266 291 Delaware. 21 27 36 40 Oregon..... 275 307 313 346 407 District of Columbia ... 70 81 78 74 74 Pennsylvania.. 572 723 781 888 998 71 81 Florida... 362 85 520 645 Rhode Island 685 55 815 97 185 79 Georgia. 235 128 156 107 99 South Carolina... 256 296 360 13 17 18 105 South Dakota... Hawaii. 21 26 122 126 Tennessee. 129 149 149 175 204 Idaho.. 38 44 46 56 66 Texas. 701 982 1,084 1,293 1,564 Illinois. 665 673 740 825 912 Indiana.. 101 118 129 134 152 Utah 51 51 66 80 lowa 99 107 110 120 125 Vermont.. 15 19 24 25 30 Kansas.... 85 105 115 126 142 Virginia......... 174 212 221 243 269 Kentucky 161 168 168 194 225 Washington... 324 419 532 627 785 West Virginia.. 176 212 222 249 285 Louisiana ... 301 384 415 431 466 Wisconsin.. 172 206 214 239 287 Maine.......... 81 124 145 170 211 Wyoming 14 37 44 48 Maryland.. 187 242 255 272 306 Massachusetts.. 296 369 408 451 510 Federal programs: Michigan.... 626 673 665 733 782 Civilian Minnesota 258 336 348 374 431 employees. 776 899 919 1,004 1,055 Mississippi. 60 71 75 83 98 Black lung Missouri... 124 152 172 195 233 benefits 1,739 1,667 1,691 1,603 Montana ..... 41 56 66 79 102 Other 2 8 6 6 9 7 Nebraska... 43 53 57 61 65 1 Includes payments by Social Security Administration and by Department of Labor. 2 Primarily payments made to dependents of reservists who died while on active duty in the Armed Forces. Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin, December 1986 and unpublished data. Page 13
No. 597. CHILD SUPPORT AND ALIMONY-SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN: 1985 (Women as of spring 1986. Covers civilian noninstitutional population. Child support data are for women with own children under 21 years of age present from absent fathers. Alimony data are for ever-divorced and currently separated women. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix Ill. For definition of mean, see Guide to Tabular Presentation)
CHILD SUPPORT All women, total.. 1,000. 8,808 | 3,045 2,322 2,009 1,363 6,341 2,310 813 2,887 3,614 2,307 Payments awarded 5 1,000 5,396 || 2,492 1,904 370 587 4,476 839 342 1,288 2,547 1,561 Percent of total. Percent ... 61.3 81.8 82.0 18.4 43.1 70.6 36.3 42.1 44.6 70.5 67.7 Due child support payment in 1985. 1,000. 4,381 || 2,179 | 1,416 303 453 3,651 657 282 1,089 2,182 1,110 Received payment... 1,000. 3,243 || 1,637 970 231 382 2,722 473 192 777 1,605 861 Percent of due. Percent... 74.0 75.1 68.5 76.2 84.3 74.6 72.0 68.1 71.3 73.6 77.6 Did not receive payment 1,000 1,138 541 447 72 71 929 184 90 312 578 249 Payments not awarded.... 1,000. 3,411 553 418 1,639 776 1,865 1,471 471 1,599 1,066 746 Mean money income: Women received payments Dollars..... 14,776 ||16,778 13,512 9,675 12,642 15,052 13,297 11,505 10,886 15,513 16,913 Mean child support. Dollars..... 2,215 || 2,538 | 1,966 1,147 2,082 2,294 1,754 2,011 1,467 2,397 2,552 Women did not receive payments... Dollars..... 10,837 ||12,580 9,621 (B) (B) 10,854 10,477 9,430 6,406 11,553 14,730 Women not awarded payments ... Dollars...... 7,998 11,375 8,495 6,241 9,065 8,746 6,969 6,308 5,323 10,068 10,770 Women with incomes below the poverty level in 1985, total. 1,000. 2,797 795 180 1,159 646 1,569 1,190 414 1,419 920 458 Payments awarded 5. 1,000. 1,130 572 121 207 221 787 322 100 469 485 176 Received payments in 1985. 1,000. 595 301 50 123 116 411 174 43 241 258 96 Mean income from child support.. Dollars..... 1,383 || 1,522 (B) 900 1,503 1,463 1,085 (B) 963 1,674 1,649 Did not receive payment. 1,000. 310 198 31 40 221 83 31 128 147 35 Payments not awarded.. 1,000. 1,668 223 59 952 425 782 868 314 951 435 282 ALIMONY All women, total.. 1,000 19,156 || 8,000 7,361 (x) 2,610 16,039 2,766 1,196 2,817 5,678 10,662 Payments awarded 5 1,000 2,803 1,368 1,015 261 2,539 220 132 216 618 1,969 Received payments in 1985 1,000 616 443 120 559 44 195 358 Mean income from alimony. Dollars.. 3,733 | 3,975 (B) 3,083 3,858 (B) (B) (B) 3,200 4,365 Did not receive payment. 1,000 225 161 37 () 26 193 25 13 45 75 106 Payments not awarded..... 1,000. 16,354 | 6,632 6,346 (x) 2,348 13,500 2,546 1,064 2,601 5,060 8,693 Women with incomes below the poverty level in 1985, total. 1,000. 3,716 || 1,800 524 1,082 2,670 973 410 851 1,090 1,774 Payments awarded 1,000. 434 247 55 93 378 49 35 86 111 237 Percent of total.. Percent ... 11.7 13.7 10.5 8.6 14.2 5.0 8.5 10.1 10.2 13.4
B Base less than 75,000. X Not applicable. 1 Includes other items, not shown separately. 2 Remarried women whose previous marriage ended in divorce. 3 Never-married women. 4 Hispanic women may be of any race. 5 Includes women who were not supposed to receive payments in 1985, not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-23, No. 152.
No. 598. COMMUNITY SERVICES USED BY PERSONS 65 YEARS OLD AND OVER, BY AGE GROUP AND LIVING ARRANGEMENT: 1984 [In percent, except as indicated. Covers persons 65 years old and over who were living in communities outside of nursing homes or other institutions (civilian noninstitutionalized population). Based on a supplement to the National Health Interview Survey; see Appendix III. See also tables 41, 42, 174, and 175)
Total (1,000)... 26,433 || 16,288 10,145 8,249 1,897 8,397 18,036 Percent usedSenior center 15.2 14.5 16.3 17.0 13.5 21.3 12.3 Special transportation for elderly. 4.5 3.2 6.4 6.5 6.1 9.1 2.3 Home nursing care 3.6 2.1 5.9 5.4 8.3 4.0 3.3 Percent ate meals in senior center. 8.5 7.7 9.9 10.1 8.8 12.9 6.5 Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data from Supplement on Aging to 1984 National Health Interview Survey Page 14
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
The occupational classification system used in the 1980 census and in the CPS beginning in January 1983, evolved from the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, first introduced in 1977. Occupational categories used in the 1980 census classification system are so radically different from the 1970 census system used in the CPS through 1982, that their implementation represented a break in historical data series. In cases where data have not yet been converted to the 1980 classifications and still reflect the 1970 classifications (e.g., table 655), comparisons between the two systems should not be made. To help users bridge the data gap, a limited set of estimates was developed for the 1972-1982 period based on the new classifications. The estimates were developed by means of applying conversion factors created by double coding a 20-percent sample of CPS occupational records for 6 months during 1981-82.- For further details, contact BLS. Productivity-The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes data on productivity as measured by output per hour (labor productivity), output per combined unit of labor and capital input (multifactor productivity), and, for manufacturing industries, output per combined unit of capital, labor, energy, materials, and purchased service inputs. Labor productivity and related indexes are published for the business sector as a whole and its major subsectors: nonfarm business, manufacturing, nonfinancial corporations, 146 specific industries, and various functional areas of the Federal civilian government. Multifactor productivity and related measures are published for the private business sector and its major subsectors. Productivity indexes which take into account capital, labor, energy, materials, and service inputs are published for the 20 major 2-digit industry groups which comprise the manufacturing sector, and for the steel and motor vehicle industries. The major sector data are published in the BLS quarterly news release, Productivity and Costs and in the annual Multifactor Productivity Measures release. The specific industry productivity measures are published annually in the BLS Bulletin, Productivity Measures for Selected Industries, and the Handbook of Labor Statistics. Detailed information on methods, limitations, and data sources appears in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1 (1982), chapters 13 and 14. Unions.-As defined here, unions include traditional labor unions and employee associations similar to labor unions. Data on union membership status provided by BLS are for employed wage and salary workers and relate to their principal job. Earnings by union membership status are usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. The information is collected through the Current Population Survey. For a full description of the method of collection and comparability with earlier data, see "New Data on Union Members and Their Earnings" in the January 1985 issue of Employment and Earnings, and "Changing Employment Patterns of Organized Workers” in the February 1985 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Collective bargaining settlements data are available for bargaining situations involving 1,000 or more workers in private industry and State and local government. Recently, the Union Sourcebook, an annual publication by Leo Troy and Neil Sheflin of Rutgers University, has provided alternative estimates of union membership (see table 666). Due to differences in concept, method, scope, and reference period, BLS indicates a somewhat lower membership figure than does the Sourcebook. For example, BLS data are based on a sample survey and are subject to sampling error, while the Sourcebook data are figures covering all known labor organizations and are derived largely from financial reports of labor organizations. For a detailed discussion of the methodology used in the Sourcebook and differences with BLS data, see the Sourcebook. Work stoppages.-Work stoppages include all strikes and lockouts known to BLS which last for at least one full day or shift and involve 1,000 or more workers. All stoppages, whether or not authorized by a union, legal or illegal, are counted. Excluded are work slowdowns and instances where employees report to work late, or leave early, to attend mass meetings or mass rallies. Seasonal adjustment.—Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation (e.g., climate or school openings and closings), it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern—that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors, but also are affected by the uncertainties of the adjustment process itself. Statistical reliability.--For discussion of statistical collection, estimation, sampling procedures, and measures of statistical reliability applicable to Census Bureau and BLS data, see Appendix III. Historical statistics.-Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. See Appendix IV. Statistics for States and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).-Data for States and MSAS may also be found in State and Metropolitan Area Data Book 1986. For cross-references, see Appendix V. Page 15
Employed and Unemployed Workers—Work Schedules
No. 613. PERSONS WITH A JOB BUT NOT AT WORK: 1970 TO 1986 [In thousands, except percent. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III. See Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series D 116-126, for related but not comparable data]
1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
4,645 5,221 5,573 5,747 5,882 5,790 5,712 5,563 5,575 5,789 5,741 || 2,828 2,912 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.6 6.0 4,511 5,056 5,415 5,601 5,729 5,653 5,573 5,413 5,439 5,667 5,613 ||2,725 2,888
All industries, number Percent of employed Nonagricultural industries. Reason for not working: Vacation. Illness ..... Bad weather Industrial dispute All other...
2,341 2,815 2,985 3,191 3,320 3,247 3,153 3,096 3,147 3,338 3,234 ||1,558 1,676 1,324 1,343 1,436 1,420 1,425 1,413 1,331 1,291 1,322 1,308 1,292 688 604 128 139 238 198 155 112 202 124 118 141 128 119 10 156 95 100 123 105 36 91 40 42 56 39 17 696 829 815 816 953 988 962 947 960 1,030 426 605
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly.
No. 614. EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED WORKERS BY WORK SCHEDULES, SEX, AND AGE: 1976 TO 1986 [In thousands. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix ill]
Total. 88,752 99,303 107,150 109,597 Total ..... 7,406 7,636 8,312 8,237 Full-time 1 73,964 82,562 88,535 | 90,529 Looking for full-time work..... 5,974 6,269 6,793 6,708 Male... 48,150 51,717 53,862 54,685 Male... 3,421 3,703 3,925 3,916 16-19 years old 1,974 2,017 1,437 1,367 16-19 years old 551 537 446 408 20-24 years old 6,002 6,533 6,078 6,050 20-24 years old 856 994 857 800 25-54 years old 32,873 35,644 39,207 40,231 25-54 years old 1,695 1,923 2,329 2,415 55 years and over 7,298 7,521 7,139 7,037 55 years and over 320 250 292 293 Female. Female.. 25,814 30,846 34,672 35,845 2,553 2,564 2,868 2,792 16-19 years old 448 1,409 430 16-19 years old 1,033 331 1,456 324 1,069 20-24 years old 636 649 20-24 years old 5,098 636 4,435 607 4,903 4,844 25-54 years old 25-54 years old 1,268 1,363 1,727 1,714 16,405 20,395 24,838 26,044 188 135 173 147 55 years and over 55 years and over 3,565 3,897 3,862 3,923 Looking for part-time work... 1,432 1,369 1,519 1,529 Part-time 1 14,788 | 16,740 18,615 19,069 Male 615 563 596 614 Male... 4,989 5,471 6,028 6,207 16-19 years old 387 377 360 371 16-19 years old 1,973 2,068 1,891 1,955 20-24 years old 94 81 20-24 years old 913 999 1,261 1,201 25-54 years old 63 79 25-54 years old 946 1,092 1,568 1,680 55 years and over 71 70 67 55 years and over 1,157 1,314 1,308 1,371 Female 806 923 915 Female. 9,799 11,271 12,587 12,862 16-19 years old 333 326 330 350 16-19 years old 1,981 2,169 2,036 2,118 20-24 years old 115 124 158 145 20-24 years old 1,219 1,456 1,738 1,696 25-54 years old 291 299 359 344 25-54 years old 4,961 5,827 6,837 7,055 55 years and over 79 75 55 years and over 1,636 1,815 1,976 1,993 1 Full-time workers include employed persons on full-time (35 hours or more per week) schedules and those working part-time (between 1 and 34 hours) for economic reasons who usually work full-time. Part-time workers include employed persons working part-time voluntarily and those working part-time for economic reasons, who usually work part-time. Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according to whether they usually work full- or part-time. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly; and unpublished data. No. 615. SELECTED MEASURES OF WORK SCHEDULES, BY SEX, OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY: 1985 [Hours and days are means. See headnote, table 616] Page 16
Labor Force Participation Rates-Female Labor Force
No. 622. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, BY MARITAL STATUS, SEX, AND AGE: 1960 TO 1987 [As of March. See table 610 for definition of participation rate. Includes male members of the Armed Forces living offpost or with their families on post. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III]
B For 1960, percentage not shown where base is less than 100,000; beginning 1970, 75,000. 19 years old. 3 Widowed, divorced, and married (spouse absent). Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2096, and unpublished data.
No. 623. MARITAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE: 1940 TO 1987 [As of March, except as indicated. Persons 14 years old and over through 1965; 16 years old and over thereafter. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Figures for 1940 based on complete census revised for comparability with intercensal series. Later data based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series D 49-62]
1940. 1944 2 1947 2 1950 1955 2 1960 1965 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973. 1974. 1975. 1976. 1977. 1978. 1979 1980. 1981.
13,840 6,710 5,040 4,200 18,449 7,542 8,433 6,226 16,323 6,181 7,545 6,676 17,795 5,621 9,273 8,550 20,154 5,087 11,839 10,423 22,516 5,401 13,485 12,253 25,952 5,912 16,154 14,708 29,898 6,501 | 19,100 17,595 31,233 6,965 19,799 18,377 31,778 7,220 20,034 18,573 33,132 7,543 20,845 19,336 34,195 7,838 21,487 19,951 35,708 8,362 22,202 20,541 36,981 8,599 23,037 21,360 38,399 9,282 23,643 21,814 40,053 9,702 24,429 22,681 41,747 || 10,487 24,976 23,136 43,844 11,304 26,073 24,223 44,934 11,242 26,828 24,900 46,415 || 11,628 27,536 25,460 47,095 || 11,801 27,843 | 25,756 47,779 12,282 28,140 26,227 49,240 || 12,581 28,883 26,855 50,891 12,925 29,755 27,716 51,732 13,127 30,274 28,197 52,960 13,454 | 31,282 29,159
1982. 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
1 Includes married, spouse absent. 2 As of April. Source: 1940-1955, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-50. Beginning 1960, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2096, and unpublished data. Page 17
No. 627. EMPLOYED PERSONS, BY SEX, RACE, AND OCCUPATION: 1986—Continued
14,680 981 400 527 1,787 218 666 741 11,913 5,127 322 1,403 1,563 111 340 126 332 1,823 167 357 1,299 2,861 583 2,075 2,101 92 719 121 71 87 762
Technical, sales, and administrative support-Con. Administrative support, including clerical-Con. Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators Communications equipment operators.......... Telephone operators... Mail and message distributing occupations... Postal clerks, except mail carriers. Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks. Adjusters and investigators.. Miscellaneous administrative support General office clerks... Bank tellers ......... Data entry keyers. Teachers' aides.. Service occupations Private household ? Child care workers. Cleaners and servants Protective service 1 Firefighting and fire prevention Police and detectives Guards ...... Service except private household and protective Food preparation and service occupations ? Bartenders.. Waiters and waitresses Cooks, except short order Short-order cooks.... Food counter, fountain, and related occupations.. Kitchen workers, food preparation.. Waiters' and waitresses' assistants.. Health service occupations........... Dental assistants. Health aides, except nursing. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Cleaning and building service occupations Maids and housemen Janitors and cleaners Personal service occupations 1 Barbers .... Hairdressers and cosmetologists .. Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities... Public transportation attendants........ Welfare service aides .... Child care workers, except private household. Precision production, craft, and repair ...... Mechanics and repairers.... Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors ? Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers.. Automobile mechanics.. Electrical and electronic equipment repairers. Telephone installers and repairers... Construction trades......... Construction trades, except supervisors... Carpenters......... Extractive occupations. Precision production occupations.. Operators, fabricators, and laborers.. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 1 Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators ? Textile sewing machine operators ... Pressing machine operators .. Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers. Transportation and material moving occupations.. Motor vehicle operators Trucks, heavy and light .... Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles. Material moving equipment operators.... Industrial truck and tractor operators. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 1 Freight, stock, and material handlers... Laborers, except construction. Farming, forestry, and fishing .... Farm operators and managers Other agricultural and related occupations. Farm workers.... Forestry and logging occupations.. Fishers, hunters, and trappers..
60.7 96.0 97.4 95.3 12.4 2.2 10.9 18.4 65.0 62.8 48.8 85.1 50.6 36.8 78.5 76.3 39.2 89.9 99.0 83.4 90.5 41.5 84.8 30.9 80.0 16.6 88.8 43.1 77.1 91.7 96.5
8.8 12.9 6.1 17.8 5.6 4.5 5.2 6.4 9.0 8.8 5.2 6.2 9.6 6.1 5.3 11.1 14.8 5.7 7.1 7.8 5.0 12.8 13.9 12.7 7.2 7.2 7.3 3.8 6.2 12.9 6.9
5.1 17.2 22.6 12.6 18.2 15.1 25.1 4.2 18.8 29.5 23.8 29.8 22.9 10.3 9.6 7.3 8.3 7.3 22.5 11.4
z Less than .05 percent. 1 Includes other occupations, not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 1987. Page 18
No. 632. UNEMPLOYED WORKERS-SUMMARY: 1972 TO 1986 [In thousands, except as indicated. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. For data on unemployment insurance, see table 581. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series D 87101)
Male. 16-19 years old. 20-24 years old. 25-44 years old. 45-64 years old.. 65 years and over.... Female... 16-19 years old.. 20-24 years old.. 25-44 years old. 45-64 years old.. 65 years and over. White... 16-19 years old.. 20-24 years old.. Black. 16-19 years old.. 20-24 years old... Hispanic 3. Full-time workers... Part-time workers.. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (percent) 4 Total 1 16-19 years old 20-24 years old 25-44 years old 45-64 years old 65 years and over.. Male. 16-19 years old.. 20-24 years old.. 25-44 years old. 45-64 years old.. 65 years and over..... Female.... 16-19 years old... 20-24 years old. 25-44 years old. 45-64 years old. 65 years and over.. White....... 16-19 years old. 20-24 years old. Black...... 16-19 years old.. 20-24 years old. Hispanic 3. Experienced workers 5 Women maintaining families. White... Black. Married men, wife present White.. Black
Percent without work for Less than 5 weeks 5-10 weeks.... 11-14 weeks. 15-26 weeks... 27 weeks and over Unemployment duration, average (weeks)....
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Hispanic persons may be of any race. 4 Unemployed as percent of civilian labor force in specified group. 5 Wage and salary workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly; and unpublished data.
No. 633. UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, BY SEX AND REASON, 1970 TO 1986, AND BY DURATION, 1986 [In thousands, except as indicated. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III]
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, and Bulletin 2096.
No. 634. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY SEX, RACE, AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: 1970 TO 1987
[In percent. As of March. Civilian noninstitutional population 18 and over for 1970; 16 years old and over for 1975 and later years. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III)
1970 1975 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Male: Total 1 High school: 1-3 years. 4 years...... College: 1-3 years 4 years or more. Female: Total 1 High school: 1-3 years... 4 years..... College: 1-3 years 4 years or more. White: Total 1. High school: 1-3 years. 4 years.. College: 1-3 years 4 years or more. Black: Total 1 2 High school: 1-3 years. 4 years... College: 1-3 years. 4 years or more Hispanic origin: 3 Total 1 High school: 1-3 years. 4 years....... College: 1-3 years. 4 years or more.
NA Not available. 1 Includes persons reporting no school years completed and elementary completed. 2 For 1970 and 1975, data refer to Black and other workers. 3 Hispanic persons may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, and unpublished data.
No. 635. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, BY INDUSTRY, 1975 TO 1986, AND BY SEX, 1980 AND 1986 [For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Rate represents unemployment as a percent of labor force in each specified group. Annual averages of monthly figures. Beginning 1983, data not strictly comparable with earlier years due to changes in industrial classification]
1 Includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and persons with no previous work experience, not shown separately. 2 Covers unemployed wage and salary workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly.
Unemployment-Displaced Workers
No. 636. UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY OCCUPATION, 1983 TO 1986, AND BY SEX, 1986
(For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Beginning 1985, annual averages of monthly data; 1983 data estimated, see text, section 13. Rate represents unemployment as a percent of the labor force for each specified group. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section 1, and Appendix Ill]
Total 1. Managerial and professional specialty ... Executive, administrative, and managerial.. Professional specialty ... Technical sales, and administrative support. Technicians and related support...... Sales occupations...... Administrative support, including clerical. Service occupations.. Private household.. Protective service... Service except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair. Mechanics and repairs Construction trades........ Other precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers.... Machine operators, assemblers, inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers Construction laborers... Farming, forestry, and fishing....
B Base is less than 35,000. 1 Includes persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly.
No. 637. DISPLACED WORKERS, BY DIVISION OF RESIDENCE AND SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS: 1986 [In thousands, except percent. As of January. For the civilian noninstitutionalized population 16 years old and over. Refers to persons with tenure of 3 or more years who lost or left a job between January 1981 and January 1986 because of plant closings, moves, slack work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix III. For composition of divisions, see fig. I, inside front cover)
No. 638. TOTAL UNEMPLOYED AND INSURED UNEMPLOYED-STATES: 1980 TO 1986 [For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Total unemployment estimates based on the Current Population Survey (CPS); see text, section 1, and Appendix III. U.S. totals derived by independent population controls; therefore State data may not add to U.S. totals]
22 14 145 26 77 584 236 498 480 226 512 487 175 141
171 17 15 35 63 19 121 29 143 115
KS. So. Atl.: DE. MD. DC.. VA. WV NC. SC. GAFL... E. So. Cent.: KY TN..
30 21 13 121 25 83 544 218 442 455 215 513 433 171 133 113 159 20 18 44 62 17 103 27 161 100 167 107 187 319 161 180 160 115 91 229 112 564 31 37 18 101 57 96 43 41 171 117 931 24 27
22 140 24 128 74 187 96 163 251 133 152 147
6.1 4.3 5.2 4.8 5.3 4.6 7.2 6.2 9.1 9.4 8.6 9.1 11.2 7.3 6.3 7.0 7.2 5.1 4.3 4.4 5.2 6.2 5.4 9.0 5.0 15.0 6.7 7.1 6.0 6.3 9.3 8.6 11.1 10.8 8.9 10.0 7.0 5.9 7.4 7.2 6.3 5.6 7.5 5.0 6.5 7.8 9.5 9.4 7.8 10.0 5.6
5.4 3.9 4.8 3.9 4.9 4.9 6.5 5.7 8.0 8.9 7.9 9.0 9.9 7.2 6.0 8.0 6.4 5.9 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.3 4.6 8.4 5.6 13.0 5.4 6.8 6.5 6.0 9.5 8.0 8.9 10.3 8.7 11.5 7.1 7.0 7.7 7.9 7.1 5.9 8.8 6.5 5.9 8.0 8.1 8.8 7.2 9.7 5.6
117 21 66 526 196 386 426 185 461 385 169 118 100 154 21 16 40 67 14 105 25 145 88 170 100 178 320 156 185 185 136 94 261 131 726 33 41 22 126 62 110 45 32 179 114 892 28 24
5.3 14.8 12.3 2.8 4.3 3.6 4.7 6.3 5.3 3.8 64.7 64.1 4.0 14.7 13.0 3.8 26.3 24.6 6.3 205.3 190.7 5.0 93.7 | 85.9 6.8 175.8 164.5 8.1 122.4 118.0 6.7 47.4 44.5 8.1 144.6 143.9 8.8 | 103.4 108.7 7.0 64.8 59.0 5.3 45.6 44.6 7.0 31.2 29.1 6.1 48.4 51.4 6.3 7.2 7.5 4.7 3.4 3.2 5.0 13.9 12.8 5.4 22.4 24.5 4.3 4.5 5.7 4.5 36.3 35.6 7.7 8.2 8.5 5.0 25.5 23.2 11.8 25.8 23.6 5.3 57.3 49.3 6.2 34.1 27.8 5.9 42.0 43.5 5.7 56.659.0 9.3 36.2 37.2 8.0 46.1 44.3 9.8 42.5 42.7 11.7 28.8 31.4 8.7 27.3 27.5 13.1 66.0 81.1 8.2 26.7 35.6 8.9 94.2 163.7 8.1 10.2 10.1 8.7 14.0 15.1 9.0 4.6 7.6 7.4 30.6 32.9 9.2 13.0 16.5 6.9 20.7 24.7 6.0 12.8 13.7 6.0 11.5 12.0 8.2 68.8 64.7 8.5 43.5 42.1 6.7 | 389.3 391.7 10.8 14.3 16.7 4.8 9.9 8.6
11.7 6.1 18.0 8.9 10.0 7.5 8.6 11.7 11.5 13.7 12.6 10.1 11.8 9.0
45 72 24 153 38 165 139 262 148 202 421 198 251 241 135 104 225 140 609 35 45 22 110 62 125 64 48 230 145 1,192 24 30
2.3 2.8 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.7
MS. W. So. Cent.: AR. LA. OK TX Mt.: MT ID
2.1 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.0 4.3 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.5 3.2 4.0 3.6 5.4 3.3 2.6 4.0 4.8 3.9 2.4 3.5 2.0 2.5 2.8 4.1 4.3 3.6 8.0 2.1
105 166 325 160 190 200 116 93 195 109 469 30 33 16 97 47 71 46 39 194 125 981 25 27
6.9 6.4 5.9 8.0 7.3 8.8 7.5 7.6 6.7 4.8 5.2 6.1 7.9 4.0 5.9 7.5 6.7 6.3 6.2 7.9 8.3 6.8 9.7 4.9
352 23 34 9 88 42 83 40 27 157 108 790 18 21
CO NM. AZ UT NV. Pac.: WA. OR CA.. AK. HI
8.8 9.8 8.4 6.6 10.1 9.1 9.2 9.8 11.2 10.8 9.7 10.3 6.5
1 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, annual; and unpublished data. 2 Total unemployment as percent of civilian labor force. 3 Insured unemployment as percent of average covered employment in the previous year. Source: Except as noted, U.S. Employment and Training Administration, Employment and Training Report of the Secretary, annual.
No. 639. U.S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE JOB OPENINGS AND PLACEMENTS, AND INDEX OF HELP-WANTED ADVERTISING: 1970 TO 1986 [In thousands, except as indicated. Openings and placements 1970-1983, for years ending Sept. 30; beginning 1985, for years ending June 30]
NA Not available. 1 As reported by State employment agencies. 2 Data for nine months from October 1, 1983 through June 30, 1984. 3 Source: The Conference Board, New York, NY, The Statistical Bulletin. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Index based on number of advertisements in classified sections of 51 newspapers, each in a major employment area. Source: Except as noted, U.S. Employment and Training Administration, unpublished data.
Nonagricultural Establishments
No. 640. NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS-EMPLOYEES, HOURS, AND EARNINGS, BY INDUSTRY: 1960 TO 1986
[Based on data from establishment reports. Includes all full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period reported. Excludes proprietors, the self-employed, farmworkers, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and Armed Forces. Establishment data shown here conform to industry definitions in the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual and are adjusted to March 1986 employment benchmarks; consequently, may not be comparable with previously published data. Based on the Current Employment Statistics Program; see Appendix iii. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series D 127-141 and D 803, 878, 881, 884, and 890)
EMPLOYEES (1,000) 1960. 1965.. 1970. 1975 1980 1981 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 1960.. 1965.. 1970. 1975. 1980. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986.... AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS 2 1960. 1965. 1970. 1975. 1980. 1981 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS 1960. 1965. 1970. 1975. 1980. 1981 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS 2 1960. 1965. 1970. 1975. 1980 1981 1982. 1983. 1984 1985 1986
38.6 38.8 37.1 36.1 35.3 35.2 34.8 35.0 35.2 34.9 34.8
36.7 37.4 37.3 36.4 37.0 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.8 37.7 37.4
39.7 41.2 39.8 39.5 39.7 39.8 38.9 40.1 40.7 40.5 40.7
(NA) 41.3 40.5 39.7 39.6 39.4 39.0 39.0 39.4 39.5 39.2
40.5 40.8 39.9 38.7 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.4
42.7 41.9 43.3 43.7 42.7 42.5 43.3 43.4 42.2
38.0 36.6 33.8 32.4 30.2 30.1 29.9 29.8 29.8 29.4 29.2
37.2 37.2 36.7 36.5 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.5 36.4 36.4
(NA) 35.9 34.4 33.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5
NA Not available. Mining, construction, and manufacturing. 2 See headnote, table 646. Page 19
Nonagricultural Employment
No. 642. NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES-NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AND NUMBER AND EARNINGS OF PRODUCTION WORKERS, 1980 TO 1986—Continued [See headnote, p. 387)
(E) Transp. and public utilities 4. 5,146 5,238 5,244 4,293 4,339 | 4,335 8.87 11.40 11.70 40 Railroad transportation 532 359 331 (7) (7) (?) (?) (7) (1) 4011 Class I railroads 8 .... 482 323 294 (7) (?) (7) 9 9.929 13.64 9 13.89 41 Local and interurban passenger transit... 265 278 282 244 257 261 6.34 7.68 8.02 42 Trucking and warehousing. 1,280 1,363 1,382 1,121 1,187 1,202 9.13 10.52 10.71 45 Air transportation ....... 453 552 570 (7) (?) (7) (7) (7) (7) 46 Pipelines, except natural gas.... 21 19 18 15 13 13 10.50 15.26 15.12 47 | Transportation services.. 198 276 284 (7) (+) (1) (7) (7) (7) 48 Communication 4 1,357 1,320 1,279 1,014 1,006 975 8.50 11.75 12.14 481 Telephone communication ..... 1,072 921 881 779 687 656 8.72 12.45 12.85 483 Radio and television broadcasting. 200 238 238 160 194 195 7.44 10.26 10.76 49 Electric, gas, and sanitary services 827 915 924 677 729 735 8.90 12.83 13.39 491 Electric services...... 391 448 452 316 349 349 9.12 12.94 13.46 492 Gas production and distribution 168 175 168 138 137 132 8.27 11.76 12.53 493 Combination utility services........ 197 203 206 162 166 171 9.64 14.93 15.63 495 Sanitary services 49 64 71 43 56 62 7.04 9.47 9.75 Wholesale trade. 5,275 5,717 5,735 4,312 4,598 4,601 6.96 9.16 9.35 (G) Retail trade 4. 15,035 17,356 17,845 13,500 15,457 15,891 4.88 5.94 6.03 53 General merchandise stores.. 2,245 2,324 2,363 2,090 2,174 | 2,223 4.77 5.92 6.30 54 Food stores... 2,384 2,775 2,873 2,202 2,567 2,655 6.24 7.35 7.06 56 Apparel and accessory stores.. 957 1,041 1,070 820 875 905 4.30 5.25 5.37 57 Furniture and home furnishings stores... 606 735 771 502 608 641 5.53 7.13 7.29 58 Eating and drinking places.... 4,626 5,709 5,879 4,256 5,194 5,345 3.69 4.33 4.35 (H) Finance, insurance, real estate.. 5,160 | 5,955 6,297 3,907 4,415 4,655 5.79 7.94 8.35 66 Banking..... 1,571 1,706 1,736 1,210 1,263 4.94 6.84 7.18 61 Credit agencies other than banks.. 570 750 831 431 628 5.12 7.21 7.61 62 Security, commodities brokers, services.. 227 355 392 (7) (?) (1) (7) (7) 63 Insurance carriers.. 1,224 1,292 1,364 854 930 6.29 8.61 9.07 64 Insurance agents, brokers, services. 452 542 581 (?) (7) (?) (?) (?) 65 Real estate... 981 1,132 1,187 (?) (?) (?) (7) (?) 66, 67 Other finance, insurance, real estate. 135 180 205 (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (1) Services 4 17,890 22,000 23,099 15,921 19,368 20,288 5.85 7.90 8.16 70 Hotels and other lodging places ....... 1,076 1,336 1,401 () (?) (?) () (7) 701 Hotels, motels, and tourist courts. 1,038 1,290 1,356 954 1,215 4.45 5.83 5.96 72 Personal services 901 1,056 1,104 (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) 721 Laundry, cleaning, garment services 356 379 386 318 344 4.47 5.79 5.99 723 Beauty shops 284 334 347 264 314 4.26 6.09 6.17 73 Business services 4. 3,092 4,457 4,781 2,698 4,113 6.02 8.19 8.43 731 Advertising. 153 196 202 116 149 8.07 10.74 11.40 736 Personnel supply services 916 1,017 (7) (?) 7361 Employment agencies.. (7) 160 156 (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) 7362 Temporary help supply services.. (7) 708 807 (7) (7) (?) (?) (7) 737 Computer, data process, services 4. 304 542 591 254 475 7.16 10.98 11.59 7372 Computer programming and software (7) 195 216 (7) (7) (?) (7) (?) 7374 Data processing services (?) 258 278 (?) (7) (7) (7) (7) 75 Auto repair, services, garages. 571 731 762 488 639 6.10 7.40 7.56 753 Automobile repair shops.. 350 446 457 297 380 6.52 7.99 8.17 78 Motion pictures. 217 225 227 191 191 7.88 12.12 12.09 783 Motion picture theaters.... 124 108 (7) (7) (7) (7) 79 Amusement, recreation services. 764 840 915 692 812 5.52 6.94 6.88 80 | Health services 4 5,278 6,299 6,551 4,712 5,607 5,823 5.68 8.06 8.34 805 Nursing, personal care facilities 997 1,199 1,250 898 1,129 4.17 5.61 5.80 806 Hospitals.. 2,750 2,997 3,038 2,522 2,732 2,769 6.06 9.00 9.36 808 Outpatient care facilities. 133 216 247 (7) (?) (7) (7) (+) 81 Legal services...... 498 694 748 427 632 7.35 10.52 11.24 82 Educational services ........... 1,138 (?) (7) (?) (?) 83 Social services....... 1,134 1,354 1,457 (7) (?) (7) (7) 86 Membership organizations. 1,539 1,520 1,530 (7) (7) (7) (7) (J) Government. 16,241 16,394 16,711 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Federal government.. 2,866 2,875 2,899 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) State government. 3,610 3,832 3,888 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (x) Local government.. 9,765 9,687 9,923 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Standard Industrial Classification, see text, section 13. 2 Excludes government. 3 11-month average. Includes industries not shown separately. 5 Includes blown. 6 Women's and children's. 7 Included in totals; not available separately. 8 For changes in "Class l" classification, see text, section 21. ' Includes all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants who received pay during the month. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly. Page 20
Average Hourly Earnings—Average Annual Pay
No. 649. PRODUCTION WORKERS, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES-AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS, BY STATE: 1980 TO 1986
NA Not available. 1 Represents Washington, DC metropolitan area. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Satistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly. Compiled from data supplied by cooperating State agencies. No. 650. AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY, BY STATE: 1984 TO 1986 [ln dollars except percent change. For workers covered by State unemployment insurance laws and for Federal civilian workers covered by unemployment compensation for Federal employees, approximately 90 percent of total civilian employment. Excludes most agricultural workers on small farms, all Armed Forces, elected officials in most States, railroad employees, most domestic workers, employees of certain nonprofit organizations and most self-employed individuals. Pay includes bonuses, cash value of meals and lodging, and tips and other gratuities. Minus sign ( - ) indicates decrease]
U.S 18,353 19,185 19,966 4.5 4.1 МО. 17,600 18,338 18,915 4.2 3.1 MT 15,560 15,932 | 16,085 2.4 1.0 AL 16,203 17,023 17,638 5.1 3.6 NE.. 15,162 15,616 16,106 3.0 3.1 AK. 28,806 28,699 28,442 -.4 NV. 17,565 18,179 18,739 3.5 3.1 AZ. 17,349 18,037 | 18,870 4.0 4.6 16,164 17,205 18,303 6.4 6.4 AR. 14,973 15,553 16,162 3.9 3.9 19,871 21,077 22,309 6.1 5.8 CA. 19,898 20,950 21,995 5.3 5.0 16,426 16,989 17,301 3.4 1.8 CO 18,797 19,569 20,275 4.1 3.6 NY 20,752 21,901 23,200 5.5 5.9 CT. 20,010 21,226 22,516 6.1 6.1 NC 15,428 16,226 17,001 5.2 4.8 DE. 18,505 19,150 | 19,639 3.5 2.6 ND 15,289 15,588 15,778 2.0 1.2 DC 25,121 26,160 27,137 4.1 3.7 ОН. 18,786 19,433 | 19,902 3.4 2.4 FL 16,184 16,95817,679 4.8 4.2 17,612 18,196 | 18,345 3.3 .8 GA 16,954 17,912 | 18,746 5.7 4.7 OR 17,392 17,837 18,322 2.6 2.7 HI 16,701 17,329 18,101 3.8 4.5 PA. 17,931 18,649 19,404 4.0 4.1 ID 15,793 16,353 16,602 3.5 1.5 RI. 16,150 16,864 17,733 4.4 5.2 IL. 19,722 20,601 | 21,452 4.5 4.1 SC. 15,305 15,944 16,600 4.2 4.1 IN. 17,832 18,501 19,024 3.8 2.8 SD. 13,530 13,987 | 14,477 3.4 3.5 IA 15,668 16,097 | 16,598 2.7 3.1 TN. 16,217 16,987 | 17,661 4.7 4.0 KS. 16,675 17,331 17,934 3.9 3.5 TX 18,860 19,616 19,934 4.0 1.6 KY. 16,627 16,941 17,357 1.9 2.5 UT 17,174 17,577 17,863 2.3 1.6 LA 17,768 18,216 18,290 2.5 .4 VT 15,264 16,023 16,857 5.0 5.2 ME 14,850 15,428 16,326 3.9 5.8 VA. 17,271 18,089 18,972 4.7 4.9 MD 18,155 19,092 20,121 5.2 5.4 WA 18,382 18,949 19,645 3.1 3.7 MA 18,414 19,627 20,925 6.6 WV. 17,479 18,019 18,405 3.1 2.1 Mi... 20,931 21,884 22,720 4.5 3.8 WI 17,026 17,594 | 18,202 3.3 3.5 MN. 18,043 18,818 19,630 4.3 4.3 WY 18,318 18,950 18,969 3.4 .1 MS 14,399 14,951 15,420 3.8 3.1 1 Preliminary, revised -since originally published. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Wages, Annual Averages 1985, and USDL News Release 87-377, Average Annual Pay by State and Industry, 1987. Page 21
No. 664. OCCUPATIONAL INJURY AND ILLNESS INCIDENCE RATES, SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1975 TO 1985 [Rates per 100 full-time employees. For nonfarm employment data, see table 642. Rates refer to any occupational injury or illness resulting in (1) fatalities, (2) lost workday cases, or (3) nonfatal cases without lost workdays. Incidence rates were calculated as: Number of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays divided by total hours worked by all employees during year multiplied by 200,000 as base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks a year). Based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual
11.4 8.4 6.1 8.7 6.6 10.1 3.9 15.2 15.2 14.5 15.4 10.4 10.9 18.5 15.0 13.9 12.6 16.3 10.8 6.4 9.0 5.2 9.7 9.6 16.7 7.3 7.5 6.7 10.2 6.3 5.1 5.1 13.4 10.3 8.6 8.4
4.4 5.6 4.4 10.2 6.4 6.2 3.5 5.5 5.3 5.9 5.4 4.5 4.8 8.5 5.1 5.9 6.1 6.6 4.6 2.5 4.5 2.1 3.6 4.1 7.3 3.9 2.5 1.6 4.1 2.4 2.9 3.1 6.7 3.8 4.7
5.8 6.5 5.5 8.5 8.3 6.7 3.6 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.7 5.4 5.6 9.5 6.6 7.1 7.1 8.0 5.5 3.3 4.9 2.7 4.3 5.0 9.0 3.8 3.3 2.2 5.8 3.1 3.1 3.5 7.4
5.7 4.8 3.3 7.0 5.1 5.3 2.6 6.8 6.8 6.3 7.0 4.6 4.7 9.3 6.3 6.7 5.7 6.9 4.2 2.7 3.9 2.2 4.2 4.4 8.1 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.7 2.9 2.3 2.4
(x) Private sector 3 9.1 8.7 A Agriculture, forestry, fishing 10.5 11.9 B Mining. 11.0 11.2 10 Metal mining... 6.5 8.9 11 Anthracite mining...... 28.4 13.8 12 Bituminous coal and lignite 10.8 10.1 13 Oil and gas extraction. 14.0 13.4 14 Nonmetallic minerals, exc. fuels. 6.0 5.4 C Construction ..... 15.9 15.7 15 General building contractors.. 15.5 15.5 16 Heavy construction contractors. 17.1 16.3 17 Special trade contractors 15.5 15.5 D Manufacturing. 13.0 12.2 Durable goods.... 14.2 12.9 24 Lumber and wood products 21.0 18.6 25 Furniture and fixtures ... 15.9 16.0 32 Stone, clay, and glass products. 16.0 15.0 33 Primary metal industries 17.0 15.2 34 Fabricated metal products.. 19.1 18.5 35 Machinery, exc. electric. 14.9 13.7 36 Electric and electronic equipment.. 8.5 8.0 37 Transportation equipment...... 12.4 10.6 38 Instruments and related products 6.9 6.8 39 Miscellaneous....... 11.3 10.9 Nondurable goods. 11.4 11.1 20 Food and kindred products. 18.3 18.7 21 Tobacco manufactures. 10.3 8.1 22 Textile mill products. 10.2 9.1 23 Apparel and other textile products. 6.0 6.4 26 Paper and allied products. 13.3 12.7 27 Printing and publishing....... 6.7 6.9 28 Chemicals and allied products... 8.4 6.8 Petroleum and coal products.... 9.0 7.2 30 Rubber and misc. plastics products... 15.7 15.5 31 Leather and leather products. 11.2 11.7 E Transportation, public utilities 9.4 9.4 40 Railroad transportation.. 8.5 11.1 41 Local passenger transit 4. 8.4 9.5 42 Trucking and warehousing 14.8 14.9 44 Water transportation.. 15.8 14.2 45 Air transportation. 14.9 13.3 46 Pipelines, except natural gas 4.7 5.2 47 Transportation services 6.2 4.7 48 Communication 3.0 2.8 49 Electric, gas, sanitary services 8.6 F, G Wholesale and retail trade... 7.3 7.4 F Wholesale trade...... 8.2 G Retail trade...... 7.0 7.1 H Finance, insurance, real estate 5 2.2 2.0 60 Banking .. 1.5 62 Security, commodity brokers. 1.0 .8 63 Insurance carriers. 1.7 1.7 64 Insurance agents, brokers, and service...... (NA) .8 Real estate.. 5.0 1 Services 5 5.5 5.2 70 Hotels and other lodgings 8.2 72 Personal services. 3.3 2.9 73 Business services. 5.0 4.4 75 Auto repair, services, and garages 9.0 7.5 76 Miscellaneous repair services.. 10.2 8.8 78 Motion pictures. 3.4 4.7 79 Amusement, recreation services 8.6 9.2 Health services. 6.8 6.4 Legal services. (NA) .4 82 Educational services 3.5 3.3 83 Social services. 5.2 5.1 84 Museums, botanical, zoological gardens ... 7.9 7.5 86 Membership organizations.. 3.0 89 Miscellaneous services... 2.3 1.6
6.0 5.4 2.1 18.1 4.3 7.7 2.4 10.4 10.2 11.2 10.1 8.5 9.4 12.5 10.8 10.1 10.9 12.5 10.3 6.0 7.9 4.8 7.7 7.3 11.0 6.4 7.7 4.3 9.1 4.3 5.5 5.8 9.0 7.4 4.7 3.6 4.1 7.2 7.6 7.5 3.0 3.3 1.5 5.6 4.7 5.0 4.6 1.4 1.2 .6 1.1
6.1 4.6 3.4 5.2 1.8 6.6 1.8 9.1 9.0 9.9 8.8 6.8 7.3 9.1 9.4 7.9 8.1 10.5 8.2 4.7 5.7 4.1 6.5 6.1 9.7 4.3 5.8 4.2 6.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 8.1 6.7 3.8 3.8 4.3 5.9 5.7 5.1 3.5 2.2 1.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 1.1 .9 .5 1.0
4.3 65.2 64.9 5.6 82.7 91.3 3.6 163.6 145.3 2.7 129.3 113.5 1.5 276.7 445.8 1.5 252.3 199.2 4.8 152.7 143.8 1.3 88.8 87.3 8.4 117.0 128.9 8.4 113.0 120.4 8.1 117.6 127.3 8.4 118.9 133.3 5.8 86.7 80.2 6.2 90.9 82.0 9.2 171.8 (171.4 97.6 100.4 7.2 128.1 127.8 6.8 128.3 113.8 9.4 118.4 110.1 6.6 81.3 69.3 3.7 51.8 45.7 5.0 82.4 71.6 3.0 41.8 37.9 5.6 67.9 73.2 5.2 80.4 77.6 8.6 136.8 138.0 4.3 45.8 51.7 4.5 62.8 57.4 4.1 34.9 44.1 5.5 | 112.3 94.6 3.5 46.5 49.2 2.8 50.3 38.8 2.7 59.1 49.9 7.1 118.6 107.4 5.7 82.7 88.3 3.6 104.5 107.1 2.6 107.6 92.0 3.9 92.9 120.7 5.4 187.9 210.1 5.8 300.3 249.1 5.7 105.0 116.3 2.1 31.0 45.8 1.7 40.0 42.6 1.3 28.6 24.2 3.5 70.8 62.4 4.2 48.7 50.7 3.6 58.2 59.8 4.4 44.5 47.0 12.2 15.4 1.0 8.1 10.7 .4 3.1 4.0 1.0 10.8 18.0
13.9 13.0 3.1 3.7 3.9 2.9 6.9 7.4 7.2
5.5 7.2 5.2 9.0 8.4 8.2 1.7 2.5 1.6 4.3 3.2 3.9 2.9
4.2 7.5 8.2 7.4 1.6 2.9 1.5 3.7 2.6 3.2 2.4 .8 .6 .4 .6
4.6 5.0 5.8 5.4 8.5 7.2 7.4 1.6 2.2 1.6 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.1 .9 .7 .3 .8
.7 4.2 5.4 10.0 2.9 4.7 6.5 7.9 4.1 8.2 7.1 .6 3.4 6.0
(NA) 1.9 2.0 2.6 1.3 2.0 3.4 3.9 1.0 2.8 2.5 (NA) 1.4 2.0
NA Not available. X Not applicable. i Standard Industrial Classification; see text, section 13. 2 "Cases” represents occurrences. Includes fatalities for all employers. 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4 Includes interurban. 5 Includes categories not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Injuries and illnesses in the United States by Industry, annual. Page 22
No. 665. U.S. MEMBERSHIP IN AFL-CIO AFFILIATED UNIONS BY SELECTED UNION: 1975 TO 1987 (In thousands. Figures represent the labor organizations as constituted in 1987 and reflect past merger activity. Membership figures based on average per capita paid membership to the AFL-CIO for the 2-year period ending in June of the year shown and reflect only actively-employed members)
Total 1 14,070 13,621 11,250 12,692 Graphic Communications 2 198 171 141 136 Hotel Employees and Automobile, Aerospace and Restaurant Employees. 421 373 327 293 Agriculture (UAW) (x) (x) 974 998 Ironworkers... 160 146 140 122 Bakery, Confectionery and Laborers.. 475 475 383 371 Tobacco 2 149 131 115 109 Letter Carriers (NALC). 151 151 186 200 Boiler Makers, Iron Machinists and Aerospace Shipbuilders 2 123 129 110 90 (IAM)..... 780 664 520 509 Bricklayers 143 106 95 84 Musicians. 215 206 67 60 Carpenters 2 712 629 609 609 Oil, Chemical, Atomic Clothing and Textile Workers Workers (OCAW). 145 146 108 96 377 308 160 228 Painters ..... (ACTWU) 2 195 160 133 128 Paperworkers Int'l. 275 262 232 221 Communication Workers Plumbing and Pipefitting 228 228 226 220 Postal Workers.... 249 245 232 230 476 (CWA)....... 485 524 515 Electrical Workers (IBEW) 856 825 791 765 Retail, Wholesale Depart- Electronic, Electrical and ment Store 2 120 122 106 140 Technical 2 255 243 198 185 Rubber, Cork, Operating Engineers.. Linoleum, 300 313 330 330 Plastic.. 158 106 Firefighters..... 123 150 142 142 Service Employees (SEIU) 2 490 537 688 762 Food and Commercial State, County, Municipal Workers (UFCW) 2. 1,150 1,123 989 1,000 (AFSCME). 647 889 997 1,032 Steelworkers. 1,062 964 572 494 Garment Workers (ILGWU).... 363 314 210 173 Teachers (AFT). 396 423 470 499 Government, American Fed Transport Workers.. 95 85 85 85 eration (AFGE)..... 255 236 199 157 X Not applicable. 1 Includes other AFL-CIO affiliated unions, not shown separately. 2 Figures reflect mergers with one or more unions since 1975. For details see source. Source: American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, DC, Report of the AFL-CIO Executive Council, annual.
No. 666. U.S. UNION MEMBERSHIP, BY STATE: 1975 TO 1982 [Data represent annual average, dues-paying full-time equivalent membership derived from financial records. Excludes unemployed members. In general, annual per capita revenues received by the parent organization were divided by the per capita rate to yield membership. For unions with multiple dues structures or other structures, other methods were used. See text, section 13 and source for details. A right-to-work State has laws which prohibit collective bargaining contracts from including clauses requiring union membership as a condition of employment]
1 Nonagriculture employed. 2. Includes Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands not shown separately. work State. 4 Right-to-work State for 1975 and 1980. 5 Right-to-work State beginning 1980. Source: Industrial Relations Data and Information Services, West Orange, NJ, U.S. Union Sourcebook. (Copyright.) Page 23
No. 670 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, BY INDUSTRY: 1980 TO 1986—Continued [In billions of dollars. Data include non-factor charges (capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes, etc.)as well as factor charges against gross product; corporate profits and capital consumption allowances have been shifted from a company to an establishment basis)
Gross national product 2 3,187,1 3,279.1 3,501.4 | 3,607.5 3,713.3 3.0 2.9 Domestic industries..... 3,131.73,231.2 3,457.5 3,571.5 3,683.5 1.0 7.0 3.3 3.1 Private industries 2,739.5 2,828.2 3,052.3 3,180.7 3,288.1 1.1 7.9 4.2 3.4 Agriculture forestry fisheries 76.2 74.5 82.2 93.6 100.4 -.7 10.3 13.9 7.3 Farms..... 64.2 61.3 68.5 78.9 84.7 -1.5 11.7 15.2 7.4 Mining. 135.6 125.4 133.0 130.6 118.1 -2.6 6.1 -1.8 -9.6 Construction..... 161.6 147.3 159.2 164.2 168.3 -3.0 8.1 3.1 2.5 Manufacturing 665.4 675.5 757.9 790.3 812.2 .5 12.2 4.3 2.8 Durable goods. 401.5 390.4 466.8 501.4 517.7 -.9 19.6 7.4 3.3 Lumber and wood products. 20.4 18.1 20.4 20.5 21.6 -3.9 12.7 .5 5.4 Furniture and fixtures... 10.2 10.4 11.8 11.6 11.4 .6 13.5 -1.7 -1.7 Stone clay and glass products. 21.1 19.7 21.6 22.2 22.2 -2.3 9.6 (z) Primary metal industries 46.4 30.0 34.7 34.1 35.0 -13.5 15.7 -1.7 2.6 Fabricated metal products 52.5 48.9 55.8 55.8 54.8 14.1 (z) -1.8 Machinery, except electrical 84.6 86.9 114.8 137.5 150.8 .9 32.1 19.8 9.7 Electric electronic equipment... 62.7 66.2 77.3 83.8 85.0 1.8 16.8 8.4 1.4 Motor vehicles and equipment 33.7 38.5 47.9 47.7 44.5 4.5 24.4 -.4 -6.7 Other transportation equipment.. 38.1 38.6 42.6 45.4 48.5 4 10.4 6.6 6.8 Instruments and related products 21.8 23.2 25.4 28.3 29.7 2.1 9.5 11.4 4.9 Nondurable goods.... 263.9 285.1 291.1 288.9 294.4 2.6 2.1 -.8 1.9 Food and kindred products... 56.7 62.0 60.8 62.9 62.6 3.0 -1.9 3.5 -.5 Tobacco manufactures 9.5 8.9 8.7 7.3 7.0 -2.2 -2.2 -16.1 -4.1 Textile mill products..... 16.1 16.6 16.7 15.8 16.9 1.0 .6 -5.4 7.0 Apparel and other textile products.. 20.1 20.4 19.6 19.5 -.5 3.0 -3.9 -.5 Paper and allied products 24.6 28.7 30.2 30.6 31.3 5.3 5.2 1.3 2.3 Printing and publishing..... 36.9 39.9 41.3 42.6 42.3 2.6 3.1 -.7 Chemicals and allied products 50.1 59.6 60.0 56.4 59.4 6.0 .7 -6.0 5.3 Petroleum and coal products..... 26.7 24.0 25.0 24.9 26.4 -3.5 4.2 Rubber and misc. plastics products 18.9 21.7 24.3 25.2 26.0 4.7 12.0 3.7 3.2 Leather and leather products 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.0 -4.0 (z) -2.6 -18.9 Transportation public utilities .......... 293.4 300.8 320.4 325.0 328.3 .8 6.5 1.4 1.0 Transportation............ 129.5 113.7 123.7 125.0 129.2 -4.2 8.8 1.1 3.4 Railroad transportation 27.2 19.1 20.2 19.8 19.7 -11.1 5.8 -2.0 -.5 Local and interurban passenger transit.. 7.0 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.3 -6.1 5.2 3.3 (z) Trucking and warehousing. 51.5 48.6 53.4 52.4 54.2 -1.9 9.9 -1.9 3.4 Water transportation 8.3 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 -3.3 4.0 (z) (z) Air transportation. 23.1 19.6 22.1 23.7 25.7 -5.3 12.8 7.2 8.4 Pipelines, except natural gas.. 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 -1.3 2.0 -2.0 4.1 Transportation services 7.2 8.3 9.2 10.0 10.3 4.9 10.8 8.7 3.0 Communications. 78.4 92.1 92.9 94.3 95.3 5.5 .9 1.5 1.1 Telephone and telegraph 71.1 83.2 83.0 84.3 85.2 5.4 -.2 1.6 1.1 Radio and TV broadcasting. 7.3 8.9 9.9 10.0 10.1 6.8 11.2 1.0 Electric, gas, and sanitary services. 85.5 95.0 103.8 105.8 103.9 3.6 9.3 1.9 -1.8 Wholesale trade 213.5 222.0 250.6 268.9 282.4 1.3 12.9 7.3 5.0 Retail trade.... 286.9 307.0 328.3 343.3 362.2 2.3 6.9 4.6 5.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate 464.3 489.0 506.6 523.6 551.3 1.7 3.6 3.4 5.3 Banking 56.7 60.5 61.0 61.9 63.0 2.2 .8 1.5 1.8 Credit agencies other than banks........ 5.2 6.0 6.6 7.0 7.7 4.9 10.0 6.1 10.0 Security, commodity, brokers services.. 10.7 14.9 16.1 16.9 18.6 11.7 8.1 5.0 10.1 Insurance carriers.. 28.6 30.1 31.5 33.6 37.7 1.7 4.7 6.7 12.2 Insurance agents brokers services. 17.3 17.4 17.9 19.6 21.6 .2 2.9 9.5 10.2 Real estate.. 339.6 352.7 365.3 375.6 393.1 1.3 3.6 2.8 4.7 Holding, other investment companies 6.3 7.4 8.2 8.9 9.7 5.5 10.8 8.5 9.0 Services 442.6 486.6 514.0 541.3 564.9 3.2 5.6 5.3 4.4 Hotels and other lodging places 22.6 22.5 22.9 23.2 22.9 1.8 1.3 -1.3 Personal services.. 22.2 21.8 22.4 24.6 25.6 -.6 2.8 9.8 4.1 Business services....... 84.0 100.0 111.0 120.7 129.8 6.0 11.0 8.7 7.5 Auto repair, services, garages.. 24.4 25.2 27.3 29.2 30.1 1.1 8.3 7.0 3.1 Motion pictures. 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.9 2.8 1.6 6.3 3.0 Amusement, recreation services 13.7 16.1 16.4 18.0 18.2 5.5 1.9 9.8 1.1 Health services.. 129.4 146.7 153.1 158.9 166.0 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.5 Legal services... 28.9 31.6 32.8 35.0 36.9 3.0 3.8 6.7 5.4 Educational services. 18.1 19.8 20.6 21.2 21.4 3.0 4.0 2.9 .9 Social services, membership organizatio. 30.2 31.1 32.3 32.9 34.2 1.0 3.9 1.9 4.0 Misc'l. professional services.. 47.1 47.7 49.9 51.8 53.7 .4 4.6 3.8 3.7 Private households....... 7.4 8.8 8.8 9.0 3.1 8.6 (z) Government and govt. enterprises. 382.7 387.4 392.1 399.0 405.4 .4 1.2 1.8 1.6 Federal..... 138.3 141.9 144.1 146.8 148.3 .9 1.6 1.9 1.0 State and local 244.4 245.5 248.1 252.3 257.1 .1 1.1 1.7 1.9 Statistical discrepancy 5.9 5.0 5.0 -5.1 -4.3 -5.4 (NS) (NS) (NS) Rest of the world 55.5 47.9 43.9 36.0 29.8 -4.8 -8.4 -18.0 -17.2 - Represents zero. NS Not significant. Z Less than .5 percent. 1 Includes items not shown separately. 2 Includes residual not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-82, and Survey of Current Business, July 1987 issue. Page 24
Personal Consumption Expenditures
No. 677. PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, BY TYPE OF PRODUCT IN CONSTANT (1982) DOLLARS: 1980 TO 1986 [In billions of dollars, except percent. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]
Personal consumption expenditures .. 2,000.4 2,146.0 2,249.3 2,352.6 2,450.5 Durable goods...... 245.9 283.1 323.1 352.7 383.5 Motor vehicles and parts 103.8 126.8 148.0 163.6 175.7 New autos......... 51.2 64.5 73.5 79.8 89.3 Net purchases of used autos.. 21.0 19.8 24.8 29.0 29.8 Tires, tubes, accessories, etc. 18.1 22.5 24.8 26.5 26.6 Furniture and household equipment1 95.4 106.1 118.4 130.2 144.7 Furniture, including mattresses and bedsprings .... 23.2 23.2 25.3 26.2 27.9 Kitchen, other household appliances.. 18.4 19.1 21.0 23.3 24.6 China, glassware, tableware, and utensils 10.6 11.0 12.0 12.5 12.8 Radio and television receivers 2. 20.4 29.1 34.4 42.0 51.6 Other durable goods. 46.7 50.2 56.7 58.9 63.1 Nondurable goods. 762.6 800.2 825.9 849.5 877.2 Food ......... 394.9 414.0 422.8 436.5 444.9 Food purchased for off-premise consumption .... 272.4 288.1 292.0 302.5 305.9 Purchased meals and beverages. 115.1 118.2 122.9 126.0 130.9 Food furnished employees 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 Clothing and shoes. 114.8 132.6 142.2 147.9 158.0 Shoes 18.3 20.1 21.2 22.5 24.0 Women's and children's clothing and accessories4. 61.5 74.9 81.2 84.6 91.2 Men's and boys' clothing and accessories4. 35.0 37.5 39.7 40.8 42.8 Gasoline and oil.. 88.4 93.2 94.5 96.5 100.3 Fuel oil and coal.. 21.6 18.6 18.5 18.9 21.5 Other nondurable goods. 142.9 141.8 147.8 149.7 152.6 Tobacco products ..... 24.9 23.7 24.0 23.8 23.7 Toilet articles and preparations 19.6 19.2 20.0 20.3 20.7 Semidurable house furnishings ... 11.6 11.5 12.0 12.2 12.8 Cleaning and polishing preparations, etc. 23.4 22.9 23.8 23.8 24.3 Drug preparations and sundries........ 23.0 22.5 22.6 22.3 22.3 Nondurable toys and sport supplies 15.9 18.0 19.9 21.0 21.8 Services. 991.9 1,062.7 1,100.3 | 1,150.4 1,189.8 Housing? 312.5 325.4 333.0 341.0 350.0 Owner-occupied nonfarm dwellings space rent... 212.0 220.5 226.1 230.5 236.0 Tenant-occupied nonfarm dwellings rent 73.6 79.8 81.8 85.7 89.5 Rental value of farm dwellings 14.3 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.4 Household operation'. 142.6 146.2 148.8 151.0 151.3 Electricity.... 47.0 49.4 50.4 52.2 52.9 Gas ...... 26.0 24.7 24.9 25.2 23.9 Water and other sanitary services.. 11.7 12.3 12.9 13.4 13.6 Telephone and telegraph. 33.6 35.7 34.5 33.5 33.5 Domestic service.... 7.6 8.4 9.1 9.2 9.4 Transportation ..... 77.4 71.4 75.9 81.0 84.4 User-operated transportation 48.0 47.0 50.0 53.8 55.9 Purchased local transportation 7.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 Purchased intercity transportation 21.9 18.0 19.5 20.7 22.0 Railway (excluding commutation) .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Bus....... 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 .8 Airline.......... 18.7 15.1 16.5 17.6 19.0 Medical care. 200.6 222.3 232.0 240.8 251.9 Physicians. 50.9 56.7 58.2 60.1 61.3 Dentists 16.2 17.4 17.2 17.3 17.4 Other professional services...... 16.6 21.8 26.0 29.7 32.8 Privately controlled hospitals and sanitariums 100.9 112.0 115.7 118.2 124.0 Health insurance 16.0 14.5 14.9 15.5 16.4 Other 1 258.8 297.4 310.7 336.6 352.3 Personal carei 25.0 26.6 27.0 28.4 29.6 Cleaning, storage, repair of clothes and shoes 7.7 7.2 7.7 7.6 Barbershops, beauty parlors, baths, health clubs...... 12.4 13.2 13.3 13.9 14.6 Personal business 1. 111.2 124.4 127.4 139.3 148.2 Brokerage charges and investment counseling... 9.0 11.8 11.3 15.5 20.3 Recreation.. 48.1 59.2 61.5 66.1 67.9 Private education and research? 31.8 34.3 35.8 38.2 40.1 Higher education.. 11.7 12.5 12.8 13.5 13.5 Elementary and secondary schools 10.8 11.3 11.6 12.3 12.8 Religious and welfare activities..... 42.0 46.4 49.3 52.0 56.2
- Represents zero. Includes expenditures not shown separately. 2 Includes musical instruments and records.3 Includes military and food produced and consumed on farms.* Except shoes. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-82, and Survey of Current Business, July 1987 issue. Page 25
No. 688. AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME AND EXPENDITURES OF ALL CONSUMER UNITS: 1985 [In dollars. Based on Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey; see text, section 14, for description of survey. In interpreting the expenditure data, several factors should be considered. First, the data are averages for the population. Second, expenditures reported here are direct out-of-pocket expenditures. Third, approximately 95 percent of expenditures are covered in the Interview. Excluded are nonprescription drugs, household supplies and personal care items. The Interview survey must be integrated with the Diary survey to provide a complete picture of expenditures)
Income before taxes: Complete income reporters 1 25,127 22,539 3,362 286 6,694 3,854 1,638 341 862 1,168 1,045 3,570 1,049 3,147 285 1,934 2,240 Quintiles of income: Lowest 20 percent. 3,594 11,006 2,103 141 3,732 2,133 1,098 170 330 552 538 1,322 737 1,481 160 238 132 Second 20 percent. 10,811 14,131 2,507 188 4,461 2,447 1,342 203 469 685 781 2,063 1,020 1,717 154 556 473 Third 20 percent. 19,397 19,183 3,053 287 5,744 3,310 1,543 256 635 975 1,011 3,250 980 2,406 205 1,272 1,266 Fourth 20 percent. 30,967 25,932 3,816 321 7,516 4,316 1,836 343 1,021 1,300 1,314 4,318 1,081 3,357 352 2,557 2,789 Highest 20 percent. 60,741 42,374 5,323 493 11,999 7,050 2,368 1,850 2,326 1,578 6,882 1,425 6,761 551 5,038 6,526 Incomplete reporting of income (*) 19,690 3,652 262 6,630 3,732 1,724 384 790 1,101 954 3,140 939 2,591 (") (") ("). 1 Income values are derived from "complete income reporters" only. Represents the combined income of all consumer unit members 14 years or over during the 12 months preceding the interview. A complete reporter is a consumer unit who provided values for at least one of the major sources of income. 2 Includes other private transportation and public transportation. 3 Entertainment, personal care, reading, education, tobacco and smoking supplies, cash contributions, and miscellaneous expenditures. For data on entertainment and reading, see table 364. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey: Interview Survey, 1985, annual. Page 26
Money Income of Households—Taxes Paid
No. 695. MONEY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS-MEAN AFTER-TAX HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN CONSTANT (1985) DOLLARS, BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS: 1980 TO 1985 [Households as of March of following year. Estimates of after-tax income were derived from tax simulation procedures based on a "statistical" combination of data from the Internal Revenue Service, summaries of State individual income tax regulations, data on the characteristics of persons paying FICA payroll taxes from the Social Security Administration, property tax information from the Annual Housing Survey, and the March Current Population Survey microdata file. For additional information on methodology see source. For composition of regions, see fig. I, inside front cover)
All households.... 21,243 20,694 21,093 21,753 22,333 22,646 Age of householder: Under 65 years .... 23,028 22,291 22,647 23,312 23,928 24,363 65 years old and over 14,336 14,577 15,267 15,857 16,307 16,198 Race and Hispanic origin: White.. 22,001 21,463 21,871 22,577 23,168 23,484 Black. 14,948 14,292 14,454 14,827 15,327 15,790 Hispanic 1 17,689 17,525 17,043 17,327 17,978 17,920 Region: Northeast 21,212 20,672 21,087 22,105 22,786 23,648 Midwest 21,458 20,688 20,928 21,323 21,609 21,910 South. 20,363 19,998 20,517 21,147 21,699 21,567 West.. 22,479 21,908 22,289 22,960 23,860 24,350 Type of family: Married couples with children 2 26,787 25,743 26,117 26,843 27,797 28,390 Married couples without children 2... 25,277 24,980 25,522 26,623 27,398 27,712 Female householders with related children 3 12,913 12,503 12,132 12,220 12,679 13,093
1 Hispanic persons may be of any race. 2 Related children under 18 years old. 3 No husband present. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-23, No. 151, and unpublished data.
No. 696. NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PAYING TAXES AND AMOUNT OF TAXES BY TYPE OF TAX AND BEFORE-TAX MONEY INCOME: 1985
B Base fiqure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of derived fiqure. 1 Figures will not add as more than one type of tax may be reported for each household. 2 Based on households paying taxes. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-23, No. 151, and unpublished data. |
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